Review of magnetic methods for nondestructive evaluation

Abstract This paper provides a guideline to the literature of magnetic techniques for nondestructive evaluation. Compared with other NDE methods such as ultrasonics or eddy currents, the literature for magnetic methods is relatively small, but one of the difficulties is that it is widely scattered. This review therefore presents a fairly comprehensive summary of works on Barkhausen effect, magnetoacoustic emission, magtenic hysteresis, residual field and magnetically induced velocity change methods that have appeared to date.

[1]  M. Namkung,et al.  RESIDUAL STRESS CHARACTERIZATION WITH AN ULTRASONIC/MAGNETIC TECHNIQUE , 1984 .

[2]  M.S.C. Bose.  A study of fatigue in ferromagnetic materials using a magnetic hysteresis technique , 1986 .

[3]  W. A. Theiner,et al.  Non-destructive analysis of the structure of pressure-vessel steels by micromagnetic testing techniques , 1983 .

[4]  M. Otala,et al.  Non-destructive magnetic measurement of steel grain size , 1976 .

[5]  V A Shcherbinia,et al.  USING FERROPROBES FOR TESTING THE RAILS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAGON/DEFECTOSCOPES , 1972 .

[6]  R. A. Langman,et al.  The effect of stress on the magnetization of mild steel at moderate field strengths , 1985 .

[7]  M. Moilanen,et al.  Detection of plastic deformation during fatigue of mild steel by the measurement of Barkhausen noise , 1979 .

[8]  D. Jiles,et al.  Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis (invited) , 1984 .

[9]  S. Tiitto,et al.  Influence of elastic and plastic strain on the magnetization process in Fe - 3.5 % Si , 1976 .

[10]  J. Mcclure,et al.  The magnetic barkhausen effect , 1976 .

[11]  F. Preisach.  Über die magnetische Nachwirkung , 1935 .

[12]  D. Jiles,et al.  Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis , 1986 .

[13]  Hegeon Kwun,et al.  Effects of grain size, hardness, and stress on the magnetic hysteresis loops of ferromagnetic steels , 1987 .

[14]  W. A. Theiner,et al.  Determination of Residual Stresses Using Micromagnetic Parameters , 1983 .

[15]  Kanji Ono,et al.  Determination of Residual Stress by Magnetomechanical Acoustic Emission. , 1980 .

[16]  D. S. Hughes.  An experimental study of the acousto-elastic effect in a rolled plate of steel , 1953 .

[17]  K. Ono,et al.  Magnetomechanical acoustic emission — a new method for non-destructive stress measurement , 1981 .

[18]  David L. Atherton,et al.  Effects of stress on magnetization , 1986 .

[19]  M. Moilanen,et al.  Fatigue softening and hardening in mild steel detected from Barkhausen noise , 1980 .

[20]  David L. Atherton,et al.  CORRIGENDUM: Theory of the magnetisation process in ferromagnets and its application to the magnetomechanical effect , 1984 .

[21]  C. M. Teller,et al.  Stress dependence of magnetically induced ultrasonic shear wave velocity change in polycrystalline A‐36 steel , 1983 .

[22]  F. Livingstone,et al.  Review of progress in quantitative NDE: Williamsburg, VA, USA, 21–26 June 1987 , 1988 .

[23]  R. Langman.  Measurement of the mechanical stress in mild steel by means of rotation of magnetic field strength - part 2: biaxial stress , 1982 .

[24]  Eckhardt Schneider,et al.  Nondestructive Determination of Residual and Applied Stress by Micro-Magnetic and Ultrasonic Methods , 1984 .

[25]  D. Utrata,et al.  Magnetoacoustic Stress Measurements in Steel , 1985, IEEE 1985 Ultrasonics Symposium.

[26]  Brian K. Tanner,et al.  Harmonic analysis of B-H loops , 1983 .

[27]  H. Willems,et al.  Determination of Microstructural Parameters by Magnetic and Ultrasonic Quantitative NDE , 1984 .

[28]  A. Pollock.  Acoustic emission - 2: Acoustic emission amplitudes , 1973 .

[29]  N Davis.  Derivation and application of an equation to the B-H loop , 1971 .

[30]  P. Kettunen,et al.  Two ferromagnetic methods for the evaluation of the fatigue limit in polycrystalline iron , 1980 .

[31]  H. Kwun,et al.  Tensile stress dependence of magnetically induced ultrasonic shear wave velocity change in polycrystalline A‐36 steel , 1982 .

[32]  S. B. Palmer,et al.  The effect of stress and sample shape on the magnitude and frequency of magnetomechanical acoustic emission , 1987 .

[33]  David Jiles,et al.  Magnetoacoustic emission, magnetization, and Barkhausen effect in decarburized steel , 1986 .

[34]  D. Utrata,et al.  Effect of texture on magnetoacoustic stress measurement in steel , 1986 .

[35]  Kanji Ono,et al.  Magnetomechanical Acoustic Emission of Iron and Steels. , 1979 .

[36]  Brian K. Tanner,et al.  Harmonic analysis of B-H loops of constructional steel , 1983 .

[37]  W. Polanschütz.  Inverse magnetostrictive effect and electromagnetic non-destructive testing methods , 1986 .

[38]  R. E. Beissner,et al.  The Barkhausen Effect and its Applications to Nondestructive Evaluation , 1979 .

[39]  David L. Atherton,et al.  Effects of stress on the magnetization of steel , 1983 .

[40]  R. Langman,et al.  Measurement of the mechanical stress in mild steel by means of rotation of magnetic field strength , 1981 .

[41]  R. Langman,et al.  Measurements of the mechanical stress in mild steel by means of rotation of magnetic field strength —part 3: practical applications , 1983 .

[42]  M. Mayos,et al.  Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Surface Decarburization on Steels : Feasibility and Possible Applications , 1987 .

[43]  David L. Atherton,et al.  Stress-induced magnetization changes of steel pipes--Laboratory tests, Part II , 1983 .

[44]  M. Bose,et al.  Magnetic NDT Technique to Evaluate Fatigue Damage , 1984, November 16.

[45]  P. Kettunen,et al.  The Influence of Cyclic Stressing on the Barkhausen Effect in Polycrystalline Iron , 1979 .

[46]  H. Kusanagi,et al.  Stress effect on the magnitude of acoustic emission during magnetization of ferromagnetic materials , 1979 .

[47]  David Jiles,et al.  Magnetic properties of decarburized steels: An investigation of the effects of grain size and carbon content , 1987 .

[48]  M Otala,et al.  A new electronic grain-size analyser for technical steel , 1972 .

[49]  Jerzy A. Szpunar,et al.  Influence of stresses on the hysteresis curve in constructional steel , 1984 .

[50]  S. H. Carpenter,et al.  Sources of acoustic emission generated during the tensile deformation of pure iron , 1978 .

[51]  Ichiro Komura,et al.  Nondestructive estimation of residual stress in welded pressure vessel steel by means of remanent magnetization measurement , 1978 .

[52]  Seiichi Abuku,et al.  Magnetic Studies of Residual Stress in Iron and Steel Induced by Uniaxial Deformation , 1977 .

[53]  Hegeon Kwun,et al.  An nondestructive measurement of residual bulk stresses in welded steel specimens by use of magnetically induced velocity changes for ultrasonic waves , 1986 .

[54]  David Jiles,et al.  Model for the effect of tensile and compressive stress on ferromagnetic hysteresis , 1987 .

[55]  D. S. Hughes,et al.  Second-Order Elastic Deformation of Solids , 1953 .