Reliable histogram features for detecting LSB matching

This paper proposes a novel steganalyzer for detecting one of the most popular steganography, LSB matching (also known as “±1 embedding”). The histogram of difference image (the differences of adjacent pixels), which is usually a generalized Gaussian distribution centered at 0, is exploited for deriving statistical features. We have proved theoretically that the peak-value of the histogram would decrease after LSB matching embedding, while the renormalized histogram (the ratio of the histogram to the peak-value) would increase. Then we take the peak-value and the renormalized histogram as features for classification. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed steganalytic method outperforms some previous ones.

[1]  Siwei Lyu,et al.  Steganalysis using higher-order image statistics , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[2]  Jessica J. Fridrich,et al.  New blind steganalysis and its implications , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[3]  Tieyong Zeng,et al.  Detecting LSB matching by applying calibration technique for difference image , 2008, MM&Sec '08.

[4]  Fenlin Liu,et al.  Image universal steganalysis based on wavelet packet transform , 2008, 2008 IEEE 10th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing.

[5]  Bin Li,et al.  Textural features based universal steganalysis , 2008, Electronic Imaging.

[6]  Bin Li,et al.  Attack LSB Matching Steganography by Counting Alteration Rate of the Number of Neighbourhood Gray Levels , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[7]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Detection of ±1 LSB steganography based on the amplitude of histogram local extrema , 2008, 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[8]  Min Wu,et al.  Noise Features for Image Tampering Detection and Steganalysis , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[9]  William A. Pearlman,et al.  Steganalysis of additive-noise modelable information hiding , 2003, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[10]  Jing Dong,et al.  Blind image steganalysis based on run-length histogram analysis , 2008, 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[11]  Fenlin Liu,et al.  Steganalysis Based on Difference Image , 2009, IWDW.

[12]  Andrew D. Ker.  Steganalysis of LSB matching in grayscale images , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[13]  Yunkai Gao,et al.  Detecting LSB matching by characterizing the amplitude of histogram , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[14]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Steganalysis for LSB Matching in Images with High-frequency Noise , 2007, 2007 IEEE 9th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing.

[15]  Chengyun Yang,et al.  Steganalysis Based on Multiple Features Formed by Statistical Moments of Wavelet Characteristic Functions , 2005, Information Hiding.