Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: Can We Retain the Clinical Use of Mold-Active Antifungal Azoles?

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus has now been reported from 6 continents and is emerging as a global health problem. The epidemiology, spread of azole resistance, the clinical implications, and directions of research are highlighted.

[1]  F. Rosenvinge,et al.  [Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis]. , 2018, Ugeskrift for laeger.

[2]  P. Le Pape,et al.  Multiple Fungicide-Driven Alterations in Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, Colombia, 2015 , 2016, Emerging infectious diseases.

[3]  J. Meis,et al.  High prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from high-risk patients. , 2015, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[4]  W. Ko,et al.  Azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates carrying TR34/L98H mutations in Taiwan , 2015, Mycoses.

[5]  B. Ener,et al.  First determination of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus strains carrying the TR34/L98H mutations in Turkey. , 2015, Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.

[6]  Marisa H Miceli,et al.  Isavuconazole: A New Broad-Spectrum Triazole Antifungal Agent. , 2015, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[7]  S. Seyedmousavi,et al.  International expert opinion on the management of infection caused by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. , 2015, Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy.

[8]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Genomic Context of Azole Resistance Mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus Determined Using Whole-Genome Sequencing , 2015, mBio.

[9]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus harbouring G54 mutation: Is it de novo or environmentally acquired? , 2015, Journal of global antimicrobial resistance.

[10]  J. Meis,et al.  Multi‐triazole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus infections in Australia , 2015, Mycoses.

[11]  P. Hauser,et al.  Prospective Multicenter International Surveillance of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus , 2015, Emerging infectious diseases.

[12]  J. Boelens,et al.  Nationwide Surveillance of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus Diseases , 2015, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[13]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Prevalence and mechanism of triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus in a referral chest hospital in Delhi, India and an update of the situation in Asia , 2015, Front. Microbiol..

[14]  U. Groß,et al.  Environmental Isolates of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Germany , 2015, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[15]  J. Buer,et al.  Emergence of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in HSCT recipients in Germany. , 2015, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[16]  P. Le Pape,et al.  First Description of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Due to TR46/Y121F/T289A Mutation in France , 2015, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[17]  T. Peláez,et al.  First detection of Aspergillus fumigatus azole-resistant strain due to Cyp51A TR46/Y121F/T289A in an azole-naive patient in Spain , 2015, New microbes and new infections.

[18]  J. Meis,et al.  Concomitant occurrence of itraconazole-resistant and -susceptible strains of Aspergillus fumigatus in routine cultures. , 2015, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[19]  G. Simons,et al.  Validation of a New Aspergillus Real-Time PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Aspergillus and Azole Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , 2015, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[20]  W. Melchers,et al.  Azole, polyene and echinocandin MIC distributions for wild-type, TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in the Netherlands. , 2015, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[21]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Multi-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment in Tanzania. , 2014, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[22]  J. Meis,et al.  Passive Surveillance for Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, United States, 2011–2013 , 2014, Emerging infectious diseases.

[23]  F. Dromer,et al.  Population-Based Analysis of Invasive Fungal Infections, France, 2001–2010 , 2014, Emerging infectious diseases.

[24]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Exploring azole antifungal drug resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus with special reference to resistance mechanisms. , 2014, Future microbiology.

[25]  O. Hilberg,et al.  First Detection of TR46/Y121F/T289A and TR34/L98H Alterations in Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from Azole-Naive Patients in Denmark despite Negative Findings in the Environment , 2014, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[26]  U. Gisi Assessment of selection and resistance risk for demethylation inhibitor fungicides in Aspergillus fumigatus in agriculture and medicine: a critical review. , 2014, Pest management science.

[27]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Emergence of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Strains due to Agricultural Azole Use Creates an Increasing Threat to Human Health , 2013, PLoS pathogens.

[28]  T. Heskes,et al.  Composite Survival Index to Compare Virulence Changes in Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates , 2013, PLoS ONE.

[29]  D. Andes,et al.  Impact of In Vivo Triazole and Echinocandin Combination Therapy for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Enhanced Efficacy against Cyp51 Mutant Isolates , 2013, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[30]  F. V. van Tiel,et al.  Aspergillosis due to voriconazole highly resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and recovery of genetically related resistant isolates from domiciles. , 2013, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[31]  D. Denning,et al.  Major variations in Aspergillus fumigatus arising within aspergillomas in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis , 2013, Mycoses.

[32]  B. Zwaan,et al.  Triazole fungicides and the selection of resistance to medical triazoles in the opportunistic mould Aspergillus fumigatus. , 2013, Pest management science.

[33]  A. Chowdhary,et al.  Clonal Expansion and Emergence of Environmental Multiple-Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Strains Carrying the TR34/L98H Mutations in the cyp51A Gene in India , 2012, PloS one.

[34]  E. Mylonakis,et al.  Central Nervous System Aspergillosis: A Series of 14 Cases From a General Hospital and Review of 123 Cases From the Literature , 2012, Medicine.

[35]  W. Melchers,et al.  Molecular Epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates Harboring the TR34/L98H Azole Resistance Mechanism , 2012, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[36]  D. Denning,et al.  Voriconazole and Posaconazole Improve Asthma Severity in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization , 2012, The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma.

[37]  W. Melchers,et al.  Triazole Fungicides Can Induce Cross-Resistance to Medical Triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus , 2012, PloS one.

[38]  E. Kuijper,et al.  Rapid Induction of Multiple Resistance Mechanisms in Aspergillus fumigatus during Azole Therapy: a Case Study and Review of the Literature , 2011, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[39]  F. V. van Tiel,et al.  Clinical Implications of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, the Netherlands, 2007–2009 , 2011, Emerging infectious diseases.

[40]  S. Lockhart,et al.  Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from the ARTEMIS Global Surveillance Study Is Primarily Due to the TR/L98H Mutation in the cyp51A Gene , 2011, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[41]  J. Smith,et al.  High-frequency triazole resistance found In nonculturable Aspergillus fumigatus from lungs of patients with chronic fungal disease. , 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[42]  W. Melchers,et al.  Rapid Diagnosis of Azole-Resistant Aspergillosis by Direct PCR Using Tissue Specimens , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[43]  W. Melchers,et al.  Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use? , 2009, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[44]  D. Denning,et al.  Frequency and Evolution of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus Associated with Treatment Failure , 2009, Emerging infectious diseases.

[45]  C. Visser,et al.  Azole-resistant central nervous system aspergillosis. , 2009, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[46]  W. Melchers,et al.  Academic Editor: Chris Kibbler, Royal Free Hospital London, United Kingdom , 2007 .

[47]  Raoul Herbrecht,et al.  Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[48]  H. Hussain Retraction: Hussain HM, Hotopf M, Oyebode F. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2007;356:416. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[49]  W. Melchers,et al.  Multiple-triazole-resistant aspergillosis. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[50]  E. Thiel,et al.  Improved outcome in central nervous system aspergillosis, using voriconazole treatment. , 2005, Blood.

[51]  S. Cesaro,et al.  Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis. , 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[52]  S J Lin,et al.  Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[53]  William R. Kirkpatrick,et al.  Invasive Aspergillosis Disease Spectrum, Treatment Practices, and Outcomes , 2000, Medicine.

[54]  E. Anaissie,et al.  Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B as therapy for invasive aspergillosis. , 1997, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[55]  D. Denning Therapeutic outcome in invasive aspergillosis. , 1996, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[56]  D. Denning,et al.  Antifungal and surgical treatment of invasive aspergillosis: review of 2,121 published cases. , 1990, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[57]  P. Rohatgi,et al.  Clinical Spectrum of Pulmonary Aspergillosis , 1984, Southern medical journal.