British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids

Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King’s College London, London, UK Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Department of Rheumatology, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Shropshire, UK Clinical Affairs, British Society for Rheumatology, London, UK Patient Representative, UK Rheumatology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, Birmingham, UK UK Teratology Information Service, UK Lupus Research Unit, Division of Women’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease Unit, Our Lady’s Hospice and Care Service, Dublin, Ireland Department of Rheumatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwickshire, UK Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK Pharmacy, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Rheumatology, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sonderborg, Denmark Department of Regional Health Research (IRS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Lupus UK Centre of Excellence, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey, UK Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK Obstetrics, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Rheumatology, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK

[1]  J. Saito,et al.  Ustekinumab during pregnancy and lactation: drug levels in maternal serum, cord blood, breast milk, and infant serum , 2022, Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences.

[2]  M. Dubinsky,et al.  Pharmacovigilance pregnancy data in a large population of patients with chronic inflammatory disease exposed to certolizumab pegol , 2021, Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease.

[3]  R. Xu,et al.  Birth Outcomes in Women Who Have Taken Hydroxycholoroquine During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study , 2021, Arthritis & rheumatology.

[4]  T. Burki FDA approval for anifrolumab in patients with lupus , 2021, The Lancet Rheumatology.

[5]  Hanh Nguyen,et al.  A Systematic Review of the safety of non-TNF inhibitor biologic and targeted synthetic drugs in rheumatic disease in pregnancy. , 2021, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[6]  J. Girling,et al.  Pre-pregnancy care and contraception – the two-sided coin of reproductive health and safe prescribing , 2021, Obstetric medicine.

[7]  M. Taheri,et al.  Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on male germ cells and possible ameliorating impact of antioxidants. , 2021, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[8]  J. Kao,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with belimumab: Report from real-world experience. , 2021, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[9]  M. Pieri,et al.  Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion , 2021, medRxiv.

[10]  A. Tincani,et al.  POS0702 PREGNANCY IN SLE PATIENTS TREATED WITH BELIMUMAB: EXPERIENCE FROM 3 ITALIAN CENTERS , 2021 .

[11]  B. Goulden,et al.  P202 Administering live vaccines to infants exposed to biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in-utero for maternal treatment of rheumatic disease: a systematic review of the literature , 2021, Rheumatology.

[12]  C. Gordon,et al.  Prescribing anti-rheumatic drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding - the BSR guideline scope. , 2021, Rheumatology.

[13]  R. Erra,et al.  Low incidence of intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus taking hydroxychloroquine , 2021, Immunological medicine.

[14]  A. Amiot,et al.  Safety of ustekinumab or vedolizumab in pregnant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicentre cohort study , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[15]  M. Sahraian,et al.  Pregnancy outcome in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with Rituximab: A case-series study. , 2020, Multiple sclerosis and related disorders.

[16]  M. Beksaç,et al.  Impact of hydroxychloroquine on the gestational outcomes of pregnant women with immune system problems that necessitate the use of the drug , 2020, The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.

[17]  D. Hervás,et al.  Histologic Analysis of Testes from Prepubertal Patients Treated with Chemotherapy Associates Impaired Germ Cell Counts with Cumulative Doses of Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Cytarabine, and Asparaginase , 2020, Reproductive Sciences.

[18]  A. Zainuddin,et al.  New Benefits of Hydroxychloroquine in Pregnant Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Centre , 2020, Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia / RBGO - Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[19]  J. Saito,et al.  Tocilizumab drug levels during pregnancy and lactation: A woman who discontinued tocilizumab therapy until the end of the first trimester and resumed it after birth , 2020, Obstetric Medicine.

[20]  P. C. T. ter Borg,et al.  Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life , 2020, Gut.

[21]  M. Dubinsky,et al.  S0847 Pregnancy Outcomes in the Tofacitinib Ulcerative Colitis OCTAVE Studies: An Update as of February 2020 , 2020 .

[22]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine early in pregnancy and risk of birth defects , 2020, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[23]  Huixia Yang,et al.  Effect of hydroxychloroquine on preeclampsia in lupus pregnancies: a propensity score-matched analysis and meta-analysis , 2020, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[24]  L. Pączek,et al.  Low Content of Cyclosporine A and Its Metabolites in the Colostrum of Post-Transplant Mothers , 2020, Nutrients.

[25]  R. Hasz,et al.  PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN 1164 FEMALE KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS , 2020 .

[26]  C. Boz,et al.  Methylprednisolone Concentrations in Breast Milk and Serum of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with IV Pulse Methylprednisolone , 2020, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

[27]  M. Gissler,et al.  Paediatric infections in the first 3 years of life after maternal anti‐TNF treatment during pregnancy , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[28]  B. Nørgård,et al.  In utero exposure to thiopurines/anti‐TNF agents and long‐term health outcomes during childhood and adolescence in Denmark , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[29]  M. Said,et al.  Adverse pregnancy outcomes among multi-ethnic systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Malaysia , 2020, Lupus.

[30]  Mimi Y. Kim,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine to Prevent Recurrent Congenital Heart Block in Fetuses of Anti-SSA/Ro-Positive Mothers. , 2020, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[31]  F. Pérez-Cano,et al.  The Immature Gut Barrier and Its Importance in Establishing Immunity in Newborn Mammals , 2020, Frontiers in Immunology.

[32]  R. Fischer-Betz,et al.  AB0375 SAFETY AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS , 2020, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.

[33]  A. Geldhof,et al.  SAT0117 TRIMESTER EXPOSURE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN EXPOSED TO GOLIMUMAB – RESULTS FROM THE COMPANY PHARMACOVIGILANCE DATABASE , 2020 .

[34]  P. Truffinet,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with leflunomide, the parent compound of the multiple sclerosis drug teriflunomide. , 2020, Reproductive toxicology.

[35]  D. Lyell,et al.  Rituximab, MS, and pregnancy , 2020, Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation.

[36]  S. Rasmussen,et al.  Risk of pregnancy loss in patients exposed to mycophenolate compared to azathioprine: A retrospective cohort study , 2020, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[37]  J. Saito,et al.  Belimumab Concentrations in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk During Breastfeeding and the Safety Assessment of the Infant: A Case Study. , 2020, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[38]  M. Gissler,et al.  Anti‐TNF treatment during pregnancy and birth outcomes: A population‐based study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden , 2020, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[39]  A. Akdoğan,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in partners of male ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α biologics: real-life results from a single-centre cross-sectional study , 2020, Rheumatology International.

[40]  S. D. Del Giacco,et al.  Baricitinib exposure during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis , 2020, Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease.

[41]  C. B. Lin,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Crohn’s Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Ustekinumab , 2020, Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie.

[42]  A. Subramaniam,et al.  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Perinatal Outcomes in Patients Treated With and Without Hydroxychloroquine , 2020, The Ochsner journal.

[43]  J. Efron,et al.  Early Discontinuation of Infliximab in Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. , 2020, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[44]  C. Chambers,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with teriflunomide: Clinical study data and 5 years of post-marketing experience , 2019, Multiple sclerosis.

[45]  Y. Murakawa,et al.  Unexpectedly lower proportion of placental transferred tocilizumab relative to whole immunoglobulin G: a case report , 2020, Scandinavian journal of rheumatology.

[46]  S. Vermeire,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with vedolizumab, anti‐TNF or conventional therapy: results of the European CONCEIVE study , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[47]  M. Meistrich Risks of genetic damage in offspring conceived using spermatozoa produced during chemotherapy or radiotherapy , 2019, Andrology.

[48]  Sara C. LaHue,et al.  Minimal breast milk transfer of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used in neurological conditions , 2019, Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation.

[49]  A. Geldhof,et al.  Exposure to Infliximab During Pregnancy: Post-Marketing Experience , 2019, Drug Safety.

[50]  R. Xu,et al.  Birth outcomes in women who have taken adalimumab in pregnancy: A prospective cohort study , 2019, PloS one.

[51]  R. Xu,et al.  Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. , 2019, Rheumatology.

[52]  Long Zhao,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of etanercept in the treatment of refractory recurrent spontaneous abortion with innate immune disorders. , 2019, Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology.

[53]  K. Zagorodnikova,et al.  #3 Pregancy and infant outcomes after maternal exposure to rituximab , 2019, Reproductive Toxicology.

[54]  Y. Tada,et al.  Placental transfer of tocilizumab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2019, Rheumatology.

[55]  J. Saito,et al.  Abatacept concentrations in maternal serum and breast milk during breastfeeding and an infant safety assessment: a case study. , 2019, Rheumatology.

[56]  K. Minden,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in DMARD-exposed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-results from a JIA biologic registry. , 2019, Rheumatology.

[57]  A. Åsberg,et al.  Immunosuppression and reproductive health after kidney transplantation. , 2019, Transplantation.

[58]  D. Mei,et al.  Breast milk concentration of hydroxychloroquine in Chinese lactating women with connective tissue diseases , 2019, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[59]  Saeed Hesam,et al.  The effect of lupus disease on the pregnant women and embryos: a retrospective study from 2010 to 2014 , 2019, Clinical Rheumatology.

[60]  Marcus John Beasley,et al.  FRI0569 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BECOME PREGNANT WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS? A MONOCENTRIC EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CENTRE OF MILAN DEDICATED TO YOUNG ADULTS AFFECTED BY JIA , 2019, Paediatric rheumatology.

[61]  H. Dobashi,et al.  FRI0209 LOW-DOSE GLUCOCORTICOID COULD AFFECT ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES, ESPECIALLY IN PRETERM BIRTH, LIGHT-FOR-DATE NEWBORNS, PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE PATIENTS , 2019, Poster Presentations.

[62]  C. Vermehren,et al.  P06 Paternal exposure to methotrexate and the risk of miscarriage – a register based nationwide cohort study , 2019, Archives of Disease in Childhood.

[63]  E. Soriano,et al.  Causes of fetal third-degree atrioventricular block and use of hydroxychloroquine in pregnant women with Ro/La antibodies , 2019, Clinical Rheumatology.

[64]  H. Cha,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine treatment during pregnancy in lupus patients is associated with lower risk of preeclampsia , 2019, Lupus.

[65]  J. Clark,et al.  In utero exposure to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and effects to the infant: infectious complications, vaccine response, and safety of live vaccine administration , 2019, Expert review of vaccines.

[66]  M. Mouyis,et al.  Safety of anti-rheumatic drugs in men trying to conceive: A systematic review and analysis of published evidence. , 2019, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[67]  M. Dubinsky,et al.  Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pregnancy Clinical Care Pathway: A Report From the American Gastroenterological Association IBD Parenthood Project Working Group. , 2019, Gastroenterology.

[68]  T. Hale,et al.  Cyclophosphamide Use in Multiple Sclerosis: Levels Detected in Human Milk. , 2019, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[69]  R. Ionescu,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in Couples with Males Exposed to Longterm Anti–tumor Necrosis Factor–α Inhibitor Therapies: A Prospective Study , 2019, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[70]  L. Lynd,et al.  Use of biologics during pregnancy and risk of serious infections in the mother and baby: a Canadian population-based cohort study , 2019, BMJ Open.

[71]  K. Top,et al.  From mother to baby: antenatal exposure to monoclonal antibody biologics , 2019, Expert review of clinical immunology.

[72]  M. Neurath,et al.  Drug Levels in the Maternal Serum, Cord Blood and Breast Milk of a Ustekinumab-Treated Patient with Crohn's Disease. , 2018, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[73]  N. Reynolds,et al.  Ustekinumab exposure during conception and pregnancy in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a case series of 10 pregnancies , 2018, The British journal of dermatology.

[74]  M. Lukáš,et al.  Safety of Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy During Pregnancy on Long-term Outcome of Exposed Children: A Controlled, Multicenter Observation. , 2018, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[75]  J. Humphreys,et al.  The British Society for Rheumatology biologic DMARD safety guidelines in inflammatory arthritis-Executive summary. , 2018, Rheumatology.

[76]  Steven J Brown,et al.  Anti-TNF Therapy in Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects of Therapeutic Strategies on Disease Behavior and Birth Outcomes. , 2019, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

[77]  Y. Nagayasu,et al.  Changes in the blood level, efficacy, and safety of tacrolimus in pregnancy and the lactation period in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus , 2018, Lupus.

[78]  S. Aoki,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes of Patients Exposed to Adalimumab in Japan , 2018, Digestive Diseases.

[79]  G. E. Potter,et al.  Chloroquine as weekly chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Malawi: a randomised controlled trial. , 2018, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[80]  P. Aljama,et al.  Administration of mycophenolic acid is not associated with malformations in descendants from kidney transplanted males , 2018, PloS one.

[81]  B. Strober,et al.  Secukinumab in pregnancy: outcomes in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis from the global safety database , 2018, The British journal of dermatology.

[82]  Christopher F. Martin,et al.  Exposure Concentrations of Infants Breastfed by Women Receiving Biologic Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Effects of Breastfeeding on Infections and Development. , 2018, Gastroenterology.

[83]  S. Caritis,et al.  Prednisone Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy and Lactation , 2018, Journal of clinical pharmacology.

[84]  M. Abrahamowicz,et al.  Serious Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Offspring Exposed to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors , 2018, Arthritis & rheumatology.

[85]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Corticosteroids for preventing neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective caesarean section at term. , 2018, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[86]  J. Saito,et al.  Tocilizumab concentrations in maternal serum and breast milk during breastfeeding and a safety assessment in infants: a case study. , 2018, Rheumatology.

[87]  D. Rizopoulos,et al.  Anti-TNF Levels in Cord Blood at Birth are Associated with Anti-TNF Type , 2018, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[88]  W. Sandborn,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes Reported During the 13‐Year TREAT Registry: A Descriptive Report , 2018, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[89]  Xiao-hui Zhang,et al.  Evaluation of glucocorticoid compared with immunoglobulin therapy of severe immune thrombocytopenia during pregnancy: Response rate and complication , 2018, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[90]  S. Feldman,et al.  Outcomes of Pregnancies With Maternal/Paternal Exposure in the Tofacitinib Safety Databases for Ulcerative Colitis , 2018, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[91]  A. Barkun,et al.  Continuous Anti‐TNF&agr; Use Throughout Pregnancy: Possible Complications For the Mother But Not for the Fetus. A Retrospective Cohort on the French National Health Insurance Database (EVASION) , 2018, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[92]  T. Hale,et al.  High-Dose Methotrexate Treatment in a Breastfeeding Mother with Placenta Accreta: A Case Report. , 2018, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[93]  C. Chambers,et al.  Five successful pregnancies with antenatal anakinra exposure , 2018, Rheumatology.

[94]  Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden,et al.  Service , 2018, Wirtschaftsinformatik Manag..

[95]  C. Selmi,et al.  THU0319 Overall safety of 7-week secukinumab exposure during pregnancy in women with psoriatic arthritis , 2018, THURSDAY, 14 JUNE 2018:.

[96]  D. Dallas,et al.  Comparison of Human Milk Immunoglobulin Survival during Gastric Digestion between Preterm and Term Infants , 2018, Nutrients.

[97]  M. Moritz,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in 91 Female Heart Transplant Recipients , 2018 .

[98]  M. Østensen,et al.  Lymphocyte changes and vaccination response in a child exposed to belimumab during pregnancy , 2018, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[99]  L. Lynd,et al.  Risk of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age births in women with autoimmune disease using biologics before or during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study , 2018, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[100]  E. Grandone,et al.  Effect of Additional Treatments Combined with Conventional Therapies in Pregnant Patients with High-Risk Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Multicentre Study , 2018, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[101]  L. Pączek,et al.  Low Transfer of Tacrolimus and Its Metabolites into Colostrum of Graft Recipient Mothers , 2018, American Journal of Perinatology.

[102]  J. Gisbert,et al.  Long-Term Safety of In Utero Exposure to Anti-TNFα Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from the Multicenter European TEDDY Study , 2018, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[103]  M. Lukáš,et al.  P614 Pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD treated with biosimilar infliximab , 2018 .

[104]  P. Villiger,et al.  Paternal exposure to antirheumatic drugs-What physicians should know: Review of the literature. , 2018, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[105]  B. Nørgård,et al.  Birth Outcome of Children Fathered by Men Treated with Systemic Corticosteroids during the Conception Period – A Cohort Study based on Nationwide Data , 2018, Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.

[106]  S. Colilla,et al.  Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes , 2017, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[107]  S. Lydersen,et al.  Influence of disease activity and medications on offspring birth weight, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based study , 2017, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[108]  X. Mariette,et al.  Lack of placental transfer of certolizumab pegol during pregnancy: results from CRIB, a prospective, postmarketing, pharmacokinetic study , 2017, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[109]  C. Vermehren,et al.  Paternal exposure to methotrexate and the risk of miscarriage - a register based nationwide cohort study , 2018 .

[110]  Enling Liu,et al.  Feasibility of hydroxychloroquine adjuvant therapy in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus , 2018 .

[111]  D. Furst,et al.  Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study , 2019, Arthritis care & research.

[112]  A. Kimball,et al.  Length Pregnancy Outcomes after Exposure to Certolizumab Pegol : Updated Results from a Pharmacovigilance Safety Database , 2018 .

[113]  I. Bruce,et al.  The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults , 2018, Rheumatology.

[114]  J. V. van Laar,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine Use in Lupus Patients during Pregnancy Is Associated with Longer Pregnancy Duration in Preterm Births , 2017, Journal of immunology research.

[115]  P. Hawkins,et al.  International multi-centre study of pregnancy outcomes with interleukin-1 inhibitors , 2017, Rheumatology.

[116]  B. Nørgård,et al.  Birth outcomes after preconception paternal exposure to methotrexate: A nationwide cohort study. , 2017, Reproductive toxicology.

[117]  B. Nørgård,et al.  Paternal use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine or methotrexate within 3 months before conception and long-term health outcomes in the offspring-A nationwide cohort study. , 2017, Reproductive toxicology.

[118]  E. Jaeggi,et al.  Prenatal exposure to antimalarials decreases the risk of cardiac but not non-cardiac neonatal lupus: a single-centre cohort study , 2017, Rheumatology.

[119]  M. Anthony,et al.  Pregnancy and infant outcomes including major congenital malformations among women with chronic inflammatory arthritis or psoriasis, with and without etanercept use , 2017, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[120]  J. Thorp,et al.  Minimal to no transfer of certolizumab pegol into breast milk: results from CRADLE, a prospective, postmarketing, multicentre, pharmacokinetic study , 2017, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[121]  G. Gislason,et al.  Birth Outcomes in Children Fathered by Men Treated with Immunosuppressant Drugs before Conception-A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study. , 2017, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[122]  C. Weber-Schoendorfer,et al.  Leflunomide - A human teratogen? A still not answered question. An evaluation of the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance database. , 2017, Reproductive toxicology.

[123]  D. Symmons,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis ever treated with rituximab. , 2017, Rheumatology.

[124]  H. Poulsen,et al.  Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome After Paternal Exposure to Methotrexate Within 90 Days Before Pregnancy. , 2017, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[125]  A. Åsberg,et al.  Exposure to Mycophenolate and Fatherhood , 2017, Transplantation.

[126]  Julie Brown,et al.  Antenatal Corticosteroids for Accelerating Fetal Lung Maturation for Women at Risk of Preterm Birth , 2007, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[127]  D. Baeten,et al.  Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients , 2017, Arthritis Research & Therapy.

[128]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Risk of serious infections associated with use of immunosuppressive agents in pregnant women with autoimmune inflammatory conditions: cohort study , 2017, British Medical Journal.

[129]  S. De Vita,et al.  Pregnancy and foetal outcomes following anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: A prospective multicentre study. , 2017, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[130]  R. Landewé,et al.  Adalimumab long-term safety: infections, vaccination response and pregnancy outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 2016, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[131]  R. Fischer-Betz,et al.  EULAR recommendations for women's health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome , 2015, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[132]  M. Hoeltzenbein,et al.  Tocilizumab use in pregnancy: Analysis of a global safety database including data from clinical trials and post-marketing data. , 2016, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[133]  B. Nørgård,et al.  Birth Outcomes in Children Fathered by Men Treated with Anti-TNF-α Agents Before Conception , 2016, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[134]  P. Shah,et al.  Corticosteroids compared with intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. , 2016, Blood.

[135]  D. Jayne,et al.  SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS , 2014 .

[136]  B. Nørgård,et al.  Reassuring results on birth outcomes in children fathered by men treated with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine within 3 months before conception: a nationwide cohort study , 2016, Gut.

[137]  Steven J Brown,et al.  Concentrations of Adalimumab and Infliximab in Mothers and Newborns, and Effects on Infection. , 2016, Gastroenterology.

[138]  J. Kimani,et al.  Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin-Chloroquine versus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infection in Pregnant Women in Africa: An Open-Label, Randomized Trial , 2016, PloS one.

[139]  S. Feldman,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in the Tofacitinib Safety Databases for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis , 2016, Drug Safety.

[140]  F. Dall’ara,et al.  FRI0176 Safety of anti-TNF Alfa Agents during Pregancy and Breastfeeding: Longterm Follow up of Exposed Children in A Case-Series of Mothers with Chronic Arthritides , 2016 .

[141]  A. Tincani,et al.  The Efficacy and Safety of Cyclosporin A in Pregnant Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases , 2016, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.

[142]  P. Villiger,et al.  Certolizumab treatment during late pregnancy in patients with rheumatic diseases: Low drug levels in cord blood but possible risk for maternal infections. A case series of 13 patients. , 2016, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[143]  C. Weber-Schoendorfer,et al.  Pregnancy outcome after tocilizumab therapy in early pregnancy-a case series from the German Embryotox Pharmacovigilance Center. , 2016, Reproductive toxicology.

[144]  T. Matsui,et al.  Pregnancy outcome in women with inflammatory bowel disease treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor and/or thiopurine therapy: a multicenter study from Japan , 2016, Intestinal research.

[145]  M. Mochizuki,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to tocilizumab: A retrospective analysis of 61 patients in Japan , 2016, Modern rheumatology.

[146]  R. Fischer-Betz,et al.  The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation , 2016, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[147]  H. Sørensen,et al.  Low Risk of Birth Defects for Infants Whose Mothers Are Treated With Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents During Pregnancy. , 2016, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[148]  S. Sciascia,et al.  The impact of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. , 2016, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[149]  G. Koren,et al.  Challenges in vaccinating infants born to mothers taking immunoglobulin biologicals during pregnancy , 2016, Expert review of vaccines.

[150]  C. Gordon,et al.  BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-Part I: standard and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids. , 2016, Rheumatology.

[151]  C. Gordon,et al.  BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-Part II: analgesics and other drugs used in rheumatology practice. , 2016, Rheumatology.

[152]  Monica Kumar,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to abatacept during pregnancy. , 2015, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[153]  D. Wolf,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in Subjects Exposed to Certolizumab Pegol , 2015, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[154]  S. Caritis,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of drugs in pregnancy. , 2015, Seminars in perinatology.

[155]  H. Ozdogan,et al.  How safe it is to treat pregnant FMF patients with Anakinra? , 2015, Pediatric Rheumatology.

[156]  N. Heaton,et al.  Outcomes of pregnancy following liver transplantation: The King's College Hospital experience , 2015, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[157]  Yan Zhao,et al.  Pregnancy outcome of 126 anti-SSA/Ro-positive patients during the past 24 years—a retrospective cohort study , 2015, Clinical Rheumatology.

[158]  E. Baldissera,et al.  Prospectively-followed pregnancies in patients with inflammatory arthritis taking biological drugs: an Italian multicentre study. , 2015, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[159]  J. Laven,et al.  Brief Report: Miscarriages in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Associations With Serologic Findings, Disease Activity, and Antirheumatic Drug Treatment , 2015, Arthritis & rheumatology.

[160]  E. Lazaro,et al.  Impact of hydroxychloroquine on preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a descriptive cohort study , 2015, Lupus.

[161]  L. Jara,et al.  Azathioprine during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients is not associated with poor fetal outcome , 2015, Clinical Rheumatology.

[162]  B. Kısacık,et al.  AB1121 Anti-TNF Drugs May Result to Elevated Abortion Rates in Late Pregnancy , 2015 .

[163]  J. Listing,et al.  OP0017 Pregnancies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment Decisions, Course of the Disease, and Pregnancy Outcomes , 2015 .

[164]  A. Tincani,et al.  SAT0159 Long-Term Follow-Up of Children Born to Mothers with Chronic Arthritides and Exposed in Utero to Anti-TNF-Alpha Agents: A Case-Control Study , 2015 .

[165]  F. Maurier,et al.  The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for obstetrical outcome in anti-phospholipid syndrome: Data from a European multicenter retrospective study. , 2015, Autoimmunity reviews.

[166]  C. J. van der Woude,et al.  Tailored anti-TNF therapy during pregnancy in patients with IBD: maternal and fetal safety , 2015, Gut.

[167]  K. Keven,et al.  Pregnancy After Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Tacrolimus Doses, and Trough Levels. , 2015, Transplantation proceedings.

[168]  J. Kwak‐Kim,et al.  Immunosuppression with Tacrolimus Improved Reproductive Outcome of Women with Repeated Implantation Failure and Elevated Peripheral Blood Th1/Th2 Cell Ratios , 2015, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[169]  M. Weisman,et al.  Monoclonal Antibodies, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Pregnancy: Insights from an Open-label Study , 2015, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[170]  H. Korkes,et al.  [219-POS]: Tacrolimus as the first choice of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation pregnant did not reduce significantly maternal and perinatal risks. A preliminary analysis , 2015 .

[171]  P. Deepak,et al.  Maternal and foetal adverse events with tumour necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease , 2014, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[172]  S. Ito,et al.  Methotrexate Use in a Breastfeeding Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2014, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[173]  A. Deodhar,et al.  Use of belimumab throughout pregnancy to treat active systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. , 2014, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[174]  C. Pui,et al.  Cumulative alkylating agent exposure and semen parameters in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. , 2014, The Lancet. Oncology.

[175]  E. D’Amico,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients previously treated with cyclophosphamide , 2014, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.

[176]  A. Amiot,et al.  Factors associated with pregnancy outcome in anti‐TNF treated women with inflammatory bowel disease , 2014, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[177]  M. Govoni,et al.  FRI0090 Pregnancy Outcome of Mothers with Rheumatic Diseases Exposed to Biological Agent during Pregnancy: A Single-Centre Study , 2014 .

[178]  M. Petri,et al.  OP0041 Pregnancy Outcomes for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Subjects with Conception during Belimumab Intravenous (IV) and Subcutaneous (SC) Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials and Long Term Extension Trials , 2014 .

[179]  R. Nissinen,et al.  THU0153 Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Exposed to the Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor, Golimumab , 2014 .

[180]  Christopher F. Martin,et al.  1 Achievement of Developmental Milestones Among Offspring of Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The PIANO Registry , 2014 .

[181]  G. Koren,et al.  Pregnancy Outcome After Methotrexate Treatment for Rheumatic Disease Prior to or During Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study , 2014, Arthritis & rheumatology.

[182]  G. Shaw,et al.  Corticosteroid use and risk of orofacial clefts , 2014, Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology.

[183]  I. Bruce,et al.  O58. Longterm Outcomes of Children Born to Mothers with SLE Exposed to Hydroxychloroquine in Pregnancy , 2014 .

[184]  M. Hoeltzenbein,et al.  No evidence for an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome after paternal low-dose methotrexate: an observational cohort study. , 2014, Rheumatology.

[185]  M. Clowse,et al.  Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy outcomes: an update and review of the literature , 2014, Current opinion in rheumatology.

[186]  M. Lukáš,et al.  Impact of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibodies Administered to Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Long-term Outcome of Exposed Children , 2014, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[187]  V. Berghella,et al.  Tocolytics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. , 2014, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[188]  W. Ray,et al.  Brief Report: Risk of Adverse Fetal Outcomes Associated With Immunosuppressive Medications for Chronic Immune‐Mediated Diseases in Pregnancy , 2014, Arthritis & rheumatology.

[189]  A. Ornoy,et al.  Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to TNF-alpha-inhibitors: a prospective, comparative, observational study. , 2014, Reproductive toxicology.

[190]  T. Card,et al.  Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with IBD and effects of medications. , 2014, Gastroenterology.

[191]  M. Hebert,et al.  Tacrolimus placental transfer at delivery and neonatal exposure through breast milk. , 2013, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[192]  L. Dewulf Medicines in Pregnancy—Women and Children First? Time for a Coalition to Address a Substantial Patient Need , 2013, Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science.

[193]  A. Ornoy,et al.  Pregnancy outcome following in utero exposure to hydroxychloroquine: a prospective comparative observational study. , 2013, Reproductive toxicology.

[194]  J. Kwon,et al.  Rupture of an Unscarred Uterus in a Woman With Long-Term Steroid Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , 2013, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[195]  H. Forssberg,et al.  Cognitive outcome in adolescents and young adults after repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids. , 2013, The Journal of pediatrics.

[196]  M. Lukáš,et al.  Pregnancy and newborn outcome of mothers with inflammatory bowel diseases exposed to anti-TNF-α therapy during pregnancy: three-center study , 2013, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[197]  M. McGrath,et al.  Fetal outcomes after rituximab exposure in women with autoimmune vasculitis , 2013, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[198]  C. Kneepkens,et al.  Long‐term follow‐up of children exposed intrauterine to maternal thiopurine therapy during pregnancy in females with inflammatory bowel disease , 2013, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[199]  S. Constantinescu,et al.  Outcomes of Pregnancies Fathered by Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients Exposed to Mycophenolic Acid Products , 2013, Progress in transplantation.

[200]  R. Fischer-Betz,et al.  Low risk of renal flares and negative outcomes in women with lupus nephritis conceiving after switching from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine. , 2013, Rheumatology.

[201]  F. Ingegnoli,et al.  Pre-conceptional exposure to rituximab: comment on the article by Ojeda-Uribe et al. , 2013, Clinical Rheumatology.

[202]  C. Nelson-Piercy,et al.  Breastfeeding and tacrolimus: serial monitoring in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. , 2013, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[203]  T. Bjørge,et al.  Effects of preconceptional paternal drug exposure on birth outcomes: cohort study of 340 000 pregnancies using Norwegian population-based databases. , 2013, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[204]  M. Dubinsky,et al.  Placental transfer of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease. , 2013, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[205]  E. Kuipers,et al.  Effects of discontinuing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy during pregnancy on the course of inflammatory bowel disease and neonatal exposure. , 2013, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[206]  J. Mate,et al.  Safety of Thiopurines and Anti-TNF-α Drugs During Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease , 2013, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[207]  D. Hommes,et al.  Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease , 2013, Gut.

[208]  P. Voulgari,et al.  Fertility in male patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies treated with infliximab. , 2013, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[209]  M. Takei,et al.  Successful childbearing in two women with rheumatoid arthritis and a history of miscarriage after etanercept treatment , 2013, Rheumatology International.

[210]  J. Sibilia,et al.  Exposure to abatacept or rituximab in the first trimester of pregnancy in three women with autoimmune diseases , 2013, Clinical Rheumatology.

[211]  S. Alkindi,et al.  Successful treatment of severe thrombocytopenia with romiplostim in a pregnant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus , 2012, Lupus.

[212]  T. Yuen,et al.  An Update on Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia , 2012, Seminars in Reproductive Medicine.

[213]  C. Weber-Schoendorfer,et al.  Infliximab and adalimumab use during breastfeeding. , 2012, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[214]  W. Sandborn,et al.  Serious Infection and Mortality in Patients With Crohn's Disease: More Than 5 Years of Follow-Up in the TREAT™ Registry , 2012, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[215]  Mimi Y. Kim,et al.  Maternal Use of Hydroxychloroquine Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Recurrent Anti-SSA/Ro-Antibody–Associated Cardiac Manifestations of Neonatal Lupus , 2012, Circulation.

[216]  Mimi Y. Kim,et al.  Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. , 2012, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[217]  M. New,et al.  Cognitive outcome of offspring from dexamethasone-treated pregnancies at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[218]  R. Xu,et al.  Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy. , 2012, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[219]  F. Ünal,et al.  Parenthood in pediatric liver transplant patients , 2012, Pediatric Transplantation.

[220]  Jiunn-ren Wu,et al.  Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcomes in very-low-birth-weight preterm newborns: a 10-year retrospective study in a medical center. , 2012, Pediatrics and neonatology.

[221]  Jing Liu,et al.  Antenatal dexamethasone has no adverse effects on child physical and cognitive development: a long-term cohort follow-up investigation , 2012, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[222]  A. Engeland,et al.  Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150 000 pregnant women and expectant fathers , 2012, Scandinavian journal of rheumatology.

[223]  E. DeFranco,et al.  Antenatal Steroids for Treatment of Fetal Lung Immaturity After 34 Weeks of Gestation: An Evaluation of Neonatal Outcomes , 2012, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[224]  A. Gafni,et al.  Effect of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Fetal Growth and Gestational Age at Birth , 2012, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[225]  F. Guerrero‐Romero,et al.  Klippel-Feil syndrome in a boy exposed inadvertently to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy: a case report. , 2012, Birth defects research. Clinical and molecular teratology.

[226]  M. García-Sánchez,et al.  Is safety infliximb during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? , 2012, Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva.

[227]  S. Alkindi,et al.  Balla lupus erythematosus Successful treatment of severe thrombocytopenia with romiplostim in a pregnant patient with systemic , 2012 .

[228]  R. Eliakim,et al.  Detection of infliximab in breast milk of nursing mothers with inflammatory bowel disease. , 2011, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[229]  R. Fischer-Betz,et al.  Successful outcome of two pregnancies in patients with adult-onset Still's disease treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra). , 2011, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[230]  John M. Simpson,et al.  Isolated Atrioventricular Block in the Fetus: A Retrospective, Multinational, Multicenter Study of 175 Patients , 2011, Circulation.

[231]  Ning Zhang,et al.  Coexisting ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a case report with literature review. , 2011, Chinese medical journal.

[232]  K. Van Steen,et al.  Outcome of pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease treated with antitumor necrosis factor therapy , 2011, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[233]  D. Friedman,et al.  Association of the idiotype:antiidiotype antibody ratio with the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for the prevention of recurrent autoimmune-associated congenital heart block. , 2011, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[234]  T. El-toukhy,et al.  Birth Defect Rates in Women Using Adalimumab (Humira®) to Treat Immunologic‐Based Infertility in IVF Patients , 2011, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[235]  M. Battin,et al.  Growth in the neonatal period after repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids: data from the ACTORDS randomised trial , 2011, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[236]  G. Saade,et al.  The Frequency of Prior Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy in Late Preterm Birth Pregnancies , 2011, American journal of perinatology.

[237]  M. Khamashta,et al.  First-trimester low-dose prednisolone in refractory antiphospholipid antibody-related pregnancy loss. , 2011, Blood.

[238]  G. Eslick,et al.  The effects of azathioprine on birth outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). , 2011, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[239]  M. Kostaki,et al.  Pregnancy during adalimumab use for psoriasis , 2011, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[240]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Patterns of medication use during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis , 2011, Arthritis care & research.

[241]  E. Kuipers,et al.  High intra‐uterine exposure to infliximab following maternal anti‐TNF treatment during pregnancy , 2011, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[242]  M. Amorim,et al.  Effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids in reducing respiratory disorders in late preterm infants: randomised clinical trial , 2011, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[243]  A. Hviid,et al.  Corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of orofacial clefts , 2011, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[244]  D. Beghin,et al.  Paternal Exposure to Methotrexate and Pregnancy Outcomes , 2011, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[245]  V. Kimonis,et al.  An additional patient with mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy: Cardiac and facial analyses , 2011, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[246]  J. Bijlsma,et al.  Safety of rituximab therapy during twins' pregnancy. , 2011, Rheumatology.

[247]  D. Symmons,et al.  Anti-TNF therapies and pregnancy: outcome of 130 pregnancies in the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[248]  F. M. Ribeiro,et al.  Successful pregnancy after cyclophosphamide therapy for lupus nephritis , 2011, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[249]  W. DeCampli,et al.  Congenital Cardiac Defects: A Possible Association of Aminopterin Syndrome and In Utero Methotrexate Exposure? , 2011, Pediatric Cardiology.

[250]  N. Silverman,et al.  Use of intravenous gamma globulin and corticosteroids in the treatment of maternal autoantibody-mediated cardiomyopathy. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[251]  E. Chakravarty,et al.  Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to rituximab. , 2011, Blood.

[252]  A. Alsuwaida Successful management of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis flare-up during pregnancy with tacrolimus , 2011, Modern rheumatology.

[253]  G. Lapadula,et al.  Intentional etanercept use during pregnancy for maintenance of remission in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2011, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[254]  G. Koren,et al.  Cyclosporine and lactation: when the mother is willing to breastfeed. , 2011, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[255]  M. Gerosa,et al.  Congenital fetal heart block: a potential therapeutic role for intravenous immunoglobulin. , 2011, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[256]  D. Goulis,et al.  Comparison of single versus multiple courses of antenatal betamethasone in patients with threatened preterm labor. , 2011, Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology.

[257]  P. Middleton,et al.  Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes. , 2011, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[258]  O. Hjalmarson,et al.  Effect of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Lung Function in Full-Term Newborn Infants , 2010, Neonatology.

[259]  B. Cuneo,et al.  A management strategy for fetal immune-mediated atrioventricular block , 2010, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[260]  C. Nielsen,et al.  Etanercept concentrations in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, breast milk and child serum during breastfeeding. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[261]  F. Stanley,et al.  Linking a pharmaceutical claims database with a birth defects registry to investigate birth defect rates of suspected teratogens , 2010, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[262]  S. Shariq,et al.  Case Report: Fatal case of disseminated BCG infection in an infant born to a mother taking infliximab for Crohn's disease. , 2010, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[263]  A. Brucato,et al.  Medical treatment of pericarditis during pregnancy. , 2010, International journal of cardiology.

[264]  S. Brand,et al.  Safety of adalimumab in Crohn's disease during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. , 2010, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[265]  T. Dowswell,et al.  Corticosteroids for HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome in pregnancy. , 2010, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[266]  J. Gisbert,et al.  Outcomes of Pregnancies Fathered by Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Exposed to Thiopurines , 2010, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[267]  G. Cetin,et al.  Maternal exposure to leflunomide and methotrexate in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[268]  T. Ozolins Cyclophosphamide and the Teratology Society: an awkward marriage. , 2010, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[269]  A. Rea-Rosas,et al.  Holoprosencephaly and genitourinary anomalies in fetal methotrexate syndrome , 2010, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[270]  Y. Sadovsky,et al.  Administration of steroids after 34 weeks of gestation enhances fetal lung maturity profiles. , 2010, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[271]  G. Wolbink,et al.  Correction: Predictors of damage and survival in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis: Analysis of 50 patients. , 2010, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[272]  M. Clementi,et al.  Bisphosphonates in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Can they be used in women of childbearing age? , 2010, Autoimmunity reviews.

[273]  T. Hibi,et al.  Conception outcomes and opinions about pregnancy for men with inflammatory bowel disease. , 2010, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[274]  Mimi Y. Kim,et al.  Evaluation of the risk of anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibody-associated cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus in fetuses of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[275]  R. Flipo,et al.  Pregnancy during TNFalpha antagonist therapy: beware the rifampin-oral contraceptive interaction. Report of two cases. , 2010, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[276]  R. Xu,et al.  Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy. , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[277]  A Tincani,et al.  Failure of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent congenital heart block: Findings of a multicenter, prospective, observational study. , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[278]  Mimi Y Kim,et al.  Evaluation of fetuses in a study of intravenous immunoglobulin as preventive therapy for congenital heart block: Results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[279]  A. Acar,et al.  The Effect of Antenatal Steroids on Fetal Lung Maturation between the 34th and 36th Week of Pregnancy , 2010, Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.

[280]  M. Miller Agency , 2010 .

[281]  I. Ingster-moati,et al.  Visual neurophysiological dysfunction in infants exposed to hydroxychloroquine in utero , 2009, Acta paediatrica.

[282]  G. Koren,et al.  A pilot study of paternal drug exposure: the Motherisk experience , 2009, Reproductive toxicology.

[283]  M. Khamashta,et al.  Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[284]  H. Harigae,et al.  Pregnancy-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with anti-centromere antibody-positive Raynaud's syndrome. , 2010, Internal medicine.

[285]  R. Gold,et al.  Parenthood and immunomodulation in patients with multiple sclerosis , 2010, Journal of Neurology.

[286]  Yi-rong Yang,et al.  The influence of immunosuppressants on the fertility of males who undergo renal transplantation and on the immune function of their offspring. , 2009, Transplant immunology.

[287]  K. Shojania,et al.  Coarctation of the Aorta in an Infant Exposed to Etanercept in Utero , 2009, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[288]  M. Aronson,et al.  Improving pregnancy counseling for women with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate. , 2009, The American journal of medicine.

[289]  H. Gürcan,et al.  Pemphigus Vulgaris in Pregnancy: Analysis of Current Data on the Management and Outcomes , 2009, Obstetrical & gynecological survey.

[290]  H. Saito,et al.  Etanercept during pregnancy and lactation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: drug levels in maternal serum, cord blood, breast milk and the infant’s serum , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[291]  C. Berger,et al.  A patient’s wish: anakinra in pregnancy , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[292]  A. Marti-Carvajal,et al.  Medical treatments for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy. , 2009, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[293]  S. Somalanka,et al.  Oesophageal anomaly in a newborn after maternal exposure to mycofenolate mofetil , 2009, BMJ Case Reports.

[294]  C. Wagner,et al.  Absence of Infliximab in Infants and Breast Milk From Nursing Mothers Receiving Therapy for Crohn's Disease Before and After Delivery , 2009, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[295]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration , 2009, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[296]  M. De Vos,et al.  Cyclosporine treatment of steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis during pregnancy , 2009, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[297]  B. Stahl,et al.  Tetrada of the possible mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy: a review. , 2009, Reproductive toxicology.

[298]  C. J. van der Woude,et al.  Azathioprine treatment during lactation , 2009, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[299]  R. Speich,et al.  Successful pregnancy in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report , 2009, Journal of medical case reports.

[300]  H. Zayed,et al.  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and microtia in a newborn with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) exposure: Phenocopy for Fryns syndrome or broad spectrum of teratogenic effects? , 2009, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[301]  F. Wojnarowska,et al.  Pemphigoid gestationis: early onset and blister formation are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes , 2009, The British journal of dermatology.

[302]  A. Mitchell,et al.  Reviewing the evidence for mycophenolate mofetil as a new teratogen: Case report and review of the literature , 2009, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[303]  A. Brucato,et al.  The impact of treatment of the fetus by maternal therapy on the fetal and postnatal outcomes for fetuses diagnosed with isolated complete atrioventricular block , 2009, Cardiology in the Young.

[304]  C. Hom,et al.  Systematic review of hydroxychloroquine use in pregnant patients with autoimmune diseases , 2009, Pediatric rheumatology online journal.

[305]  R. D'Incà,et al.  Patient with severe Crohn's disease became a father while on methotrexate and infliximab therapy. , 2009, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[306]  X. Mariette,et al.  Abatacept therapy and safety management. , 2009, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[307]  D. Mevorach,et al.  Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrioventricular Block in the Fetus Exposed to Maternal Anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La Antibodies: A Prospective, Observational, Fetal Kinetocardiogram–Based Study , 2009, Circulation.

[308]  F. Carrilho,et al.  Follow-up of Pregnant Women With Autoimmune Hepatitis: The Disease Behavior Along With Maternal and Fetal Outcomes , 2009, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[309]  E. Makrakis,et al.  Low‐molecular‐weight heparin versus intravenous immunoglobulin for recurrent abortion associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome , 2009, International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

[310]  J. Carter,et al.  A Safety Assessment of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists During Pregnancy: A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Database , 2009, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[311]  H. Genant,et al.  Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[312]  A. Allen,et al.  Timing of Indicated Delivery After Antenatal Steroids in Preterm Pregnancies with Severe Hypertension , 2009, Hypertension in pregnancy.

[313]  P. Voulgari,et al.  Fertility and Reproduction in Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Infliximab , 2008, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[314]  M. Matucci-Cerinic,et al.  Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by anti-phospholipid antibodies. , 2008, Rheumatology.

[315]  X. Mariette,et al.  Exposition to anti-TNF drugs during pregnancy: outcome of 15 cases and review of the literature. , 2009, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[316]  B. Batko,et al.  Pregnancy course and neonatal outcome after exposure to leflunomide--2 cases report and review of literature. , 2009, Przeglad lekarski.

[317]  N. Danısman,et al.  The effects of betamethasone treatment on clinical and laboratory features of pregnant women with HELLP syndrome , 2009, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[318]  C. Poets,et al.  A pair of twins born after maternal exposure to leflunomide , 2008, Journal of Perinatology.

[319]  Xiao-feng Zhu,et al.  Marital status and fertility of 185 male renal transplant recipients in China. , 2008, Journal of andrology.

[320]  J. Fareed,et al.  Pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies: report on a retrospective study. , 2008, Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis.

[321]  A. Rezvani,et al.  Infertility improved by etanercept in ankylosing spondylitis , 2008, Indian journal of pharmacology.

[322]  T. Hirvikoski,et al.  Long-term follow-up of prenatally treated children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: does dexamethasone cause behavioural problems? , 2008, European journal of endocrinology.

[323]  R. Perricone,et al.  Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in pregnant patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent spontaneous abortion. , 2008, Rheumatology.

[324]  P. Cheng,et al.  Sonographic diagnosis of fetal malformations associated with mycophenolate mofetil exposure in utero. , 2008, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[325]  G. S. Ang,et al.  Mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy may be dose and timing dependent , 2008, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[326]  J. F. Baumgratz,et al.  Even low dose of mycophenolate mofetil in a mother recipient of heart transplant can seriously damage the fetus. , 2008, Transplantation.

[327]  C. Gordon,et al.  Update on safety during pregnancy of biological agents and some immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic drugs. , 2008, Rheumatology.

[328]  B. Sng,et al.  Regional anaesthesia for Caesarean section in an ankylosing spondylitic patient with twin pregnancy. , 2008, European journal of anaesthesiology.

[329]  B. Leiby,et al.  Effect of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Survival for Neonates Born at 23 Weeks of Gestation , 2008, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[330]  J. L. Pinto e Silva,et al.  Postpartum dexamethasone for women with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. , 2008, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[331]  H. Rehder,et al.  Severe Facial Clefts in Acrofacial Dysostosis: A Consequence of Prenatal Exposure to Mycophenolate Mofetil? , 2008, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[332]  Mimi Y. Kim,et al.  Utility of Cardiac Monitoring in Fetuses at Risk for Congenital Heart Block: The PR Interval and Dexamethasone Evaluation (PRIDE) Prospective Study , 2008, Circulation.

[333]  P. Hartmann,et al.  Effect of Preterm Birth and Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Lactogenesis II in Women , 2008, Pediatrics.

[334]  J. Davison,et al.  Pregnancy after transplantation. , 2000, Transplantation reviews.

[335]  A. Ledo,et al.  In utero exposure to mycophenolate mofetil: A characteristic phenotype? , 2008, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[336]  M. Velinov,et al.  The fetal mycophenolate mofetil syndrome. , 2008, Clinical dysmorphology.

[337]  A. Ghafari,et al.  Pregnancy after renal transplantation: ten-year single-center experience. , 2008, Transplantation proceedings.

[338]  P. Middleton,et al.  Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. , 2008, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[339]  M. Fawzy,et al.  Treatment options and pregnancy outcome in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage: a randomized placebo-controlled study , 2008, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[340]  Eric J. Knudtson,et al.  Anomalies in a Fetus Exposed to Methotrexate in the First Trimester , 2007 .

[341]  D. El‐Haieg,et al.  Plasmapheresis and pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome , 2007, International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

[342]  G. Koren,et al.  Pregnancy outcome of women exposed to azathioprine during pregnancy. , 2007, Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology.

[343]  A. Gilman‐Sachs,et al.  Elevated Th1/Th2 Cell Ratios in a Pregnant Woman with a History of RSA, Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis Complicated with One Fetal Demise of Twin Pregnancy , 2007, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[344]  A. Tincani,et al.  Immune System Development in Infants Born to Mothers with Autoimmune Disease, Exposed In Utero to Immunosuppressive Agents , 2007, American journal of perinatology.

[345]  S. Takeda,et al.  Effect of steroid administration and plasmapheresis to prevent fetal congenital heart block in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or Sjögren's syndrome , 2007, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

[346]  C. Neville,et al.  Maternal exposure to leflunomide associated with blindness and cerebral palsy. , 2007, Rheumatology.

[347]  R. Snanoudj,et al.  Fetal malformations associated with mycophenolate mofetil for lupus nephritis. , 2007, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[348]  Marcus John Beasley,et al.  Immune function in children born to mothers with autoimmune diseases and exposed in utero to immunosuppressants , 2007, Lupus.

[349]  J. Cabane,et al.  Successful pregnancy with the use of nitric oxide donors and heparin after recurrent severe preeclampsia in a woman with scleroderma. , 2007, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[350]  J. Triantafillidis,et al.  Pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease in Greece: A prospective study of seven cases in a single hospital setting , 2007 .

[351]  C. Nelson-Piercy,et al.  Azathioprine and breastfeeding—is it safe? , 2007, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[352]  A. Tincani,et al.  Response to tetanus vaccination in infants exposed in utero to immunosuppressants for maternal autoimmune disorders , 2007, Lupus.

[353]  B. Kaplan,et al.  Therapeutic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil. , 2006, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[354]  C. Roux,et al.  Pregnancy in rheumatology patients exposed to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy. , 2007, Rheumatology.

[355]  K. Eguchi,et al.  Successful treatment of a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with pericarditis during pregnancy. , 2007, Internal medicine.

[356]  B. Afşar,et al.  Mixed connective tissue disease: a case with scleroderma renal crisis following abortion , 2007, Clinical Rheumatology.

[357]  Serban Constantinescu,et al.  Pregnancy Outcomes in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Exposure to Mycophenolate Mofetil or Sirolimus , 2006, Transplantation.

[358]  G. Koren,et al.  Breast-Feeding During Maternal Use of Azathioprine , 2006, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[359]  L. Magder,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[360]  R. Gearry,et al.  Exposure to thiopurine drugs through breast milk is low based on metabolite concentrations in mother-infant pairs. , 2006, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[361]  C. Gordon,et al.  Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction , 2006, Arthritis research & therapy.

[362]  A. Lusky,et al.  Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[363]  J. Kavanagh,et al.  Corticosteroids for cervical ripening and induction of labour. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[364]  S. Giannubilo,et al.  Effect of betametasone administration on platelet count in thrombocytopenic and normal pregnant women , 2006, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[365]  A. Tincani,et al.  Normal neuropsychological development in children with congenital complete heart block who may or may not be exposed to high-dose dexamethasone in utero , 2006, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[366]  P. Tsang,et al.  Intravenous immunoglobulin in antiphospholipid syndrome and maternal floor infarction when standard treatment fails: a case report. , 2006, American journal of perinatology.

[367]  D. Tweardy,et al.  Maternal corticosteroids to prevent intrauterine exposure to hyperthermia and inflammation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 2005, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[368]  S. Sezer,et al.  Acute renal failure due to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in a pregnant woman with primary Sjögren’s syndrome , 2006, Clinical Rheumatology.

[369]  P. Lorenz,et al.  Identification and management of fetuses at risk for, or affected by, congenital heart block associated with autoantibodies to SSA (Ro), SSB (La), or an HsEg5-like autoantigen , 2006, Rheumatology International.

[370]  A. Franx,et al.  The transplacental passage of prednisolone in pregnancies complicated by early-onset HELLP syndrome. , 2005, Placenta.

[371]  A. Cavaliere,et al.  Paternal and maternal exposure to leflunomide: pregnancy and neonatal outcome , 2005, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[372]  A. Ljubić,et al.  Comparison of two therapeutic protocols in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent miscarriages. , 2005, Vojnosanitetski pregled.

[373]  P. Meroni,et al.  In vivo effects of maternal immunosuppression during pregnancy on the immune function of newborn infants. , 2005, Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju.

[374]  J. Craig,et al.  Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[375]  M. Hurtt,et al.  Postnatal development of the gastrointestinal system: a species comparison. , 2005, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[376]  A. Tincani,et al.  Follow-Up of Infants Exposed to Hydroxychloroquine Given to Mothers during Pregnancy and Lactation , 2005, Journal of Perinatology.

[377]  J. Wan,et al.  Hypertensive disease in pregnancies complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2004, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[378]  E. Tarım,et al.  Sjögren's syndrome diagnosed in pregnancy: a case report. , 2005, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[379]  G. Lichtenstein,et al.  Outcome of Pregnancy in Women Receiving Infliximab for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2004, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[380]  W. Byrd,et al.  Transfer of Inflammatory Cytokines Across the Placenta , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[381]  A. Tincani,et al.  Alterations in the immune system of children from mothers treated with immunosuppressive agents during pregnancy. , 2003, Toxicology letters.

[382]  E. Trinka,et al.  Linear scleroderma “en coup de sabre” coexisting with plaque-morphea: neuroradiological manifestation and response to corticosteroids , 2003, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[383]  D. Green,et al.  Pregnancy outcome of partners of male survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[384]  D. Riley,et al.  Kidney transplantation during the first trimester of pregnancy: immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and prednisone. , 2001, Transplantation.

[385]  A. Drosos,et al.  Outcome of lupus pregnancy: a controlled study. , 2000, Rheumatology.

[386]  B. Sibai,et al.  Expectant management of severe preeclampsia remote from term. , 1999, Clinical obstetrics and gynecology.

[387]  Roger M. Williams,et al.  King's College Hospital Experience , 1998 .