Electron- and phonon-mediated ultrafast magnetization dynamics of Gd(0001)

Muhammad Sultan,1,2 Unai Atxitia,3 Alexey Melnikov,1,4 Oksana Chubykalo-Fesenko,3 and Uwe Bovensiepen2,* 1Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany 2Fakultat fur Physik and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain 4Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany (Received 1 June 2011; revised manuscript received 9 March 2012; published 8 May 2012)