Trends in Working Hours in OECD Countries

In recent years, the decline in average annual hours of work per person in employment, which can be traced back for over a century, has slowed. In some countries, there has even been an increase in the average annual hours per person employed. In countries where continuing falls can be observed, this can be traced to legal action (for example, France, Japan and Portugal) or to particularly vigorous negotiation between the social partners (for example, Germany and the Netherlands). The United States and Sweden both show an increase in average annual hours, in the first case due partly to an increase in overtime hours, in the second to an increase in the hours worked by part-time workers. For the European countries, the paper shows how the pattern of change in weekly working hours can be linked, inter alia, to the institutional arrangements applying in the different countries. Part-time working has both exerted downward pressure on average working hours and been an important ... Entamee depuis plus d’un siecle, la baisse du temps de travail annuel par personne disposant d’un emploi s’est ralentie depuis quelques annees, et s’est meme inversee dans certains pays. Dans ceux ou elle se poursuit, c’est suite a une action du legislateur (France, Japon, Portugal) ou a des negociations vigoureuses entre les partenaires sociaux (Allemagne et Pays-Bas). Les Etats-Unis et la Suede enregistrent l’un comme l’autre une augmentation de la duree annuelle moyenne du travail. Dans le premier cas, c’est en partie du a une progression des heures supplementaires, dans le second, a un accroissement de la duree moyenne du travail a temps partiel. Pour les pays europeens, cet article montre que l’evolution de la duree de travail hebdomadaire peut etre reliee aux dispositifs institutionnels applicables a l’echelon national. Le temps partiel est responsable d’une baisse de la duree moyenne du travail et constitue une source majeure de creation d’emplois dans la plupart des pays ...

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