Ansätze zur kollaborativen Softwareerstellung

Die Erstellung von Software zur Unterstutzung betrieblicher Ablaufe wird in zunehmendem Mase komplexer. Da der Erstellungsprozess in der Softwareindustrie traditionell einer Werkstatt- bzw. Einzelfertigung entspricht, erfordert die stetig steigende Nachfrage nach betrieblicher Software und die fortschreitende Globalisierung die rationellere Gestaltung der Softwareentwicklung. In der Literatur werden daher immer haufiger die Industrialisierung der Softwareerstellung und neuartige Formen der Spezialisierung, Arbeitsteilung und Zusammenarbeit (engl. Collaboration) vorgestellt. Dabei kann im Wesentlichen unterschieden werden, ob die Zusammenarbeit einzelner Akteure und Arbeitsgruppen auf Projektebene oder die strategische Zusammenarbeit von Unternehmen innerhalb der Softwareindustrie behandelt wird. Uber diese beiden grundlegenden Betrachtungsebenen hinweg lassen sich existierende Ansatze zur arbeitsteiligen Softwareerstellung entlang mehrerer Dimensionen, wie raumliche, zeitliche und organisatorische Verteilung der Aktivitaten im Prozess sowie Intensitat und Richtung der Zusammenarbeitsbeziehungen klassifizieren. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen umfassenden und systematischen Uberblick uber bestehende Ansatze zur kollaborativen Softwareerstellung zu geben, indem diese in einen generischen Klassifikationsrahmen eingeordnet werden. Des Weiteren soll eine etymologische und pragmatische Herleitung des Kollaborationsbegriffs die Etablierung eines eigenstandigen Forschungsparadigmas im Rahmen der Wirtschaftsinformatik ermoglichen.

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