Epithelial Wound Healing and the Effects of Cytokines Investigated by ECIS

Epithelial layers are prone to injury that disrupts the continuity of the tissue. They are also equipped with powerful injury repair capabilities. Epithelial wound healing is a vital process that has relevance to many important diseases. We are now starting to understand the underlying mechanisms, however there are a large number of outstanding questions. The Electrical Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) wound healing assay offers a highly reproducible, real-time method that can provide information not only about the restoration of the continuity of the layers but also about regeneration of function. This assay has already provided some interesting insights into how epithelial monolayers repair themselves and in the coming years will certainly prove to be an invaluable tool in research on wound healing. This chapter reviews the use of ECIS wound healing assays in epithelial research. An overview of epithelial wound healing processes and mechanisms involved, and the effects of inflammatory cytokines on wound healing is also given. Classical in vitro methods used by researchers to study wound healing are summarized and compared with the ECIS method. Research using ECIS to explore epithelial wound healing is presented. In the final sections the use of the ECIS wound healing assay is demonstrated through experiments with tubular epithelial cell lines and practical aspects, special considerations and some caveats are also discussed.

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