Aquarius and Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity from Space

Aquarius is an L-band radiometer and scatterometer instrument combination designed to map the salinity field at the surface of the ocean from space. The instrument is designed to provide global salinity maps on a monthly basis with a spatial resolution of 150 km and an accuracy of 0.2 psu. The science objective is to monitor the seasonal and interannual variation of the large scale features of the surface salinity field in the open ocean. This data will promote understanding of ocean circulation and its role in the global water cycle and climate. Aquarius is the primary instrument on the Aquarius/SAC-D mission which is a partnership between the space agencies in the USA (NASA) and Argentina (CONAE). Launch is scheduled for late in 2010.

[1]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[2]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Aquarius: An Instrument to Monitor Sea Surface Salinity From Space , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[3]  Peter J. Minnett,et al.  The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment High-resolution Sea Surface Temperature Pilot Project , 2007 .

[4]  D.M. Le Vine.  Synthetic aperture radiometer systems , 1999, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.99CH36282).

[5]  Simon Yueh,et al.  The Aquarius/SAC-D mission: Designed to meet the salinity remote-sensing challenge , 2008 .

[6]  Calvin T. Swift,et al.  Considerations for Microwave Remote Sensing of Ocean-Surface Salinity , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[7]  C. Prigent,et al.  New permittivity measurements of seawater , 1998 .

[8]  A. Stogryn,et al.  Equations for Calculating the Dielectric Constant of Saline Water (Correspondence) , 1971 .

[9]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Sea surface salinity from space: Science goals and measurement approach , 2003 .

[10]  Jerry Miller,et al.  Deriving Sea Surface Salinity and Density Variations From Satellite and Aircraft Microwave Radiometer Measurements: Application to Coastal Plumes Using STARRS , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[11]  Martti Hallikainen,et al.  First 2-D Interferometric Radiometer Imaging of the Earth From an Aircraft , 2007, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[12]  Corinne Le Quéré,et al.  Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis , 2013 .

[13]  R. Collin,et al.  Principles and applications of electromagnetic fields , 1961 .

[14]  J. Aggarwal.  VII. Conclusion , 2013, Superfluous Women.

[15]  Sidharth Misra,et al.  Detection of Radio Frequency Interference with the Aquarius Radiometer , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[16]  William J. Wilson,et al.  Development of a high-stability microstrip-based L-band radiometer for ocean salinity measurements , 2004, IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[17]  Roger Lukas,et al.  Interannual to Interdecadal Salinity Variations Observed Near Hawaii: Local and Remote Forcing by Surface Freshwater Fluxes , 2008 .

[18]  Luis Enrique,et al.  The WISE 2000 and 2001 field experiments in support of the SMOS mission: sea surface L-band brightness temperature observations and their application to sea surface salinity retrieval , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[19]  F. Bonjean,et al.  Surface salinity advection in the tropical oceans compared with atmospheric freshwater forcing: A trial balance , 2002 .

[20]  R. Dickson,et al.  The great salinity anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982 , 1988 .

[21]  Roger Lukas,et al.  The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean , 1991 .

[22]  Philip W. Rosenkranz,et al.  Atmospheric 60-GHz oxygen spectrum : new laboratory measurements and line parameters , 1992 .

[23]  Bruce M. Kendall,et al.  Microwave radiometer measurement of tidally induced salinity changes off the Georgia coast , 1981 .

[24]  S. Solomon.  The Physical Science Basis : Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 .

[25]  Craig J. Donlon,et al.  The GODAE High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Pilot Project (GHRSST-PP) , 2009 .

[26]  R. Lang,et al.  Accurate L-band dielectric constant measurements of seawater , 2008, 2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment.

[27]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[28]  C. Swift,et al.  An improved model for the dielectric constant of sea water at microwave frequencies , 1977 .

[29]  Janet Sprintall,et al.  Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics , 1992 .

[30]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Estimates of Faraday rotation with passive microwave polarimetry for microwave remote sensing of Earth surfaces , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[31]  D. Vine,et al.  Remote Sensing of Ocean Salinity: Results from the Delaware Coastal Current Experiment , 1998 .

[32]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Error sources and feasibility for microwave remote sensing of ocean surface salinity , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[33]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  The Influence of Antenna Pattern on Faraday Rotation in Remote Sensing at L-Band , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[34]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Galactic noise and passive microwave remote sensing from space at L-band , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[35]  C. Swift,et al.  An improved model for the dielectric constant of sea water at microwave frequencies , 1977, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[36]  Sidharth Misra,et al.  Detection of Radio-Frequency Interference for the Aquarius Radiometer , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[37]  Kimio Hanawa,et al.  Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level , 2007 .

[38]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Precision ocean salinity measurements using the Passive Active L/S-band aircraft instrument , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[39]  Albert Aguasca,et al.  Seawater dielectric permittivity model from measurements at L band , 2004, IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[40]  J. L. Miller,et al.  Remote sensing of coastal salinity: naval needs and developing capability , 2000, IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120).

[41]  D.M. Le Vine,et al.  Galactic noise and passive microwave remote sensing from space at L-band , 2001, IGARSS 2001. Scanning the Present and Resolving the Future. Proceedings. IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37217).

[42]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Effect of Emission From the Moon on Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity: An Example With the Aquarius Radiometer , 2009, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[43]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Aquarius/SAC-D mission overview , 2006, SPIE Remote Sensing.

[44]  T. L. Landecker,et al.  An absolutely calibrated survey of polarized emission from the northern sky at 1.4 GHz. Observations , 2005, astro-ph/0510456.

[45]  Wallace Broeker,et al.  The Great Ocean Conveyor , 1991 .

[46]  S. Goldstein.  Radio Astronomy , 1957, Nature.

[47]  W. Peake.  Interaction of electromagnetic waves with some natural surfaces , 1959 .

[48]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Impact of Sun Glint on Salinity Remote Sensing: An Example With the Aquarius Radiometer , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[49]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Comment on Modified Stokes Parameters , 2013, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[50]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  The effect of the ionosphere on remote sensing of sea surface salinity from space: absorption and emission at L band , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[51]  M. A. Goodberlet,et al.  Airborne Salinity Mapper Makes Debut in Coastal Zone , 1998 .

[52]  Yann Kerr,et al.  SMOS: The Challenging Sea Surface Salinity Measurement From Space , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[53]  Yann Kerr,et al.  The EuroSTARRS campaign in support of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission , 2002, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[54]  Richard K. Moore,et al.  Microwave Remote Sensing , 1999 .

[55]  Bruce M. Kendall,et al.  Measurement of ocean temperature and salinity via microwave radiometry , 1978 .

[56]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Impact of the Sun on remote sensing of sea surface salinity from space , 2005, Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005. IGARSS '05..

[57]  Simon Yueh,et al.  The Aquarius Ocean Salinity Mission High Stability L-band Radiometer , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[58]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Development of the synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, ESTAR , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[59]  D. E. Evans,et al.  An airborne measurement of the salinity variations of the Mississippi River outflow , 1970 .

[60]  Bruce M. Kendall,et al.  Multifrequency radiometer detection of submarine freshwater sources along the Puerto Rican coastline , 1981 .

[61]  D.M. Le Vine,et al.  L-band radiometry and reflection of the galaxy by a rough ocean surface , 2008, 2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment.

[62]  Gary S. E. Lagerloef,et al.  Sea Surface Salinity: The Next Remote Sensing Challenge , 1995 .

[63]  Bertrand Chapron,et al.  Modeling Sun Glitter at L-Band for Sea Surface Salinity Remote Sensing With SMOS , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[64]  David M. Le Vine,et al.  Measurement of the dielectric constant of seawater at L-band , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[65]  Simon Yueh.  Microwave remote sensing modeling of ocean surface salinity and winds using an empirical sea surface spectrum , 2004, IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[66]  Thomas Meissner,et al.  The complex dielectric constant of pure and sea water from microwave satellite observations , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[67]  Emmanuel P. Dinnat,et al.  The Influence of Antenna Pattern on Faraday Rotation in Remote Sensing at L-Band , 2007, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[68]  Bruce M. Kendall,et al.  Passive Microwave Measurements of Temperature And Salinity in Coastal Zones , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[69]  Simon Yueh,et al.  Passive active L- and S-band (PALS) microwave sensor for ocean salinity and soil moisture measurements , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[70]  C. Swift,et al.  Microwave remote sensing , 1980, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter.

[71]  Robert M. Lerner,et al.  Analysis of 1.4 GHz Radiometric measurements from Skylab , 1977 .

[72]  Carl A. Mears,et al.  In situ validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission microwave sea surface temperatures , 2004 .