Evolving Robust Networks Using Evolutionary Algorithms

One extremely important aspect of networks is their capability to withstand failures and fluctuations in functionality of their nodes and links, namely their robustness. In reality, failures may occur in many different ways and to a different degree, depending on the complexity of the system under examination. Thus, the robustness of networks is of great importance in guaranteeing the security of network systems. In this chapter, we first introduce existing work on network robustness analysis and widely used network robustness measures, and then introduce optimization algorithms designed to improve network robustness, where both single-objective and multi-objective EAs are introduced.

[1]  I. Frisch,et al.  Analysis and Design of Survivable Networks , 1970 .

[2]  Shi Xiao,et al.  Robustness of scale-free networks under rewiring operations , 2010 .

[3]  Hans J. Herrmann,et al.  Mandala Networks: ultra-small-world and highly sparse graphs , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[4]  Stephen P. Borgatti,et al.  Centrality and network flow , 2005, Soc. Networks.

[5]  F. Harary,et al.  Eccentricity and centrality in networks , 1995 .

[6]  Ulrik Brandes,et al.  On variants of shortest-path betweenness centrality and their generic computation , 2008, Soc. Networks.

[7]  I. Frisch,et al.  On the Smallest Disconnecting Set in a Graph , 1968 .

[8]  Marco Tomassini,et al.  Generating Robust and Efficient Networks Under Targeted Attacks , 2015, Propagation Phenomena in Real World Networks.

[9]  Hans J. Herrmann,et al.  Onion-like network topology enhances robustness against malicious attacks , 2011 .

[10]  M. Newman,et al.  Mixing patterns in networks. , 2002, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[11]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Statistical mechanics of complex networks , 2001, ArXiv.

[12]  Ernesto Estrada,et al.  Network robustness to targeted attacks. The interplay of expansibility and degree distribution , 2006 .

[13]  Marco Tomassini,et al.  Smart Rewiring for Network Robustness , 2013, J. Complex Networks.

[14]  Phillip Bonacich,et al.  Some unique properties of eigenvector centrality , 2007, Soc. Networks.

[15]  Mauricio Barahona,et al.  Spectral Measure of Structural Robustness in Complex Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[16]  Andy J. Keane,et al.  Meta-Lamarckian learning in memetic algorithms , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[17]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Error and attack tolerance of complex networks , 2000, Nature.

[18]  Duncan J. Watts,et al.  Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks , 1998, Nature.

[19]  Albert,et al.  Emergence of scaling in random networks , 1999, Science.

[20]  Hans J. Herrmann,et al.  Mitigation of malicious attacks on networks , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[21]  Marco Tomassini,et al.  Optimizing the Robustness of Scale-Free Networks with Simulated Annealing , 2011, ICANNGA.

[22]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II , 2002, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[23]  An Zeng,et al.  Enhancing network robustness for malicious attacks , 2012, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[24]  V Latora,et al.  Efficient behavior of small-world networks. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[25]  Jing Liu,et al.  A memetic algorithm for enhancing the robustness of scale-free networks against malicious attacks , 2014 .

[26]  Cohen,et al.  Resilience of the internet to random breakdowns , 2000, Physical review letters.

[27]  H. Stanley,et al.  Resilience of complex networks to random breakdown. , 2005, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[28]  M. Fiedler Algebraic connectivity of graphs , 1973 .

[29]  S. Havlin,et al.  Breakdown of the internet under intentional attack. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[30]  Sergey N. Dorogovtsev,et al.  Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW (Physics) , 2003 .

[31]  James Smith,et al.  A tutorial for competent memetic algorithms: model, taxonomy, and design issues , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[32]  Ernesto Estrada,et al.  Communicability betweenness in complex networks , 2009, 0905.4102.

[33]  Lada A. Adamic,et al.  Power-Law Distribution of the World Wide Web , 2000, Science.

[34]  Jing Liu,et al.  A Two-Phase Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for Enhancing the Robustness of Scale-Free Networks Against Multiple Malicious Attacks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.