RNA editing in trypanosomatid mitochondria.

Publisher Summary The kinetoplastid protozoa, together with the euglenoids, represent one of the earliest branches of eukaryotes containing mitochondria. There are two major subgroups within the Kinetoplastida: the bodonids–cryptobiids and the trypanosomatids. This chapter focuses on trypanosomatids. Members of the trypanosomatid genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are the causal agents of several important diseases in humans and animals, including visceral and dermal leishmaniasis, South American Chagas disease, and African sleeping sickness. These digenetic species have a biphasic life cycle that involves both a vertebrate host and an invertebrate vector. Species belonging to the monogenetic genera Crithidia, Blastocrithidia, Leptomonas, and Herpetomonas parasitize only invertebrates. Most species can be grown axenically, and, in some cases, both stages of the life cycle can be maintained.

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