Mid-Curve Recommendation System: a Stacking Approach Through Neural Networks

Derivative traders are usually required to scan through hundreds, even thousands of possible trades on a daily-basis; a concrete case is the so-called Mid-Curve Calendar Spread (MCCS). The actual procedure in place is full of pitfalls and a more systematic approach where more information at hand is crossed and aggregated to find good trading picks can be highly useful and undoubtedly increase the trader’s productivity. Therefore, in this work we propose an MCCS Recommendation System based on a stacking approach through Neural Networks. In order to suggest that such approach is methodologically and computationally feasible, we used a list of 15 different types of US Dollar MCCSs regarding expiration, forward and swap tenure. For each MCCS, we used 10 years of historical data ranging weekly from Sep/06 to Sep/16. Then, we started the modelling stage by: (i) fitting the base learners using as the input sensitivity metrics linked with the MCCS at time t, and its subsequent annualized returns as the output; (ii) feeding the prediction from each base model to a particular stacker; and (iii) making predictions and comparing different modelling methodologies by a set of performance metrics and benchmarks. After establishing a backtesting engine and setting performance metrics, our results suggest that our proposed Neural Network stacker compared favourably to other combination procedures.

[1]  Paul Glasserman,et al.  Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering , 2003 .

[2]  M. West,et al.  Bayesian forecasting and portfolio decisions using dynamic dependent sparse factor models , 2014 .

[3]  Nassim Nicholas Taleb,et al.  Dynamic Hedging: Managing Vanilla and Exotic Options , 1997 .

[4]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms , 2011, Swarm Evol. Comput..

[5]  Richard White,et al.  The SABR/LIBOR Market Model: Pricing, Calibration and Hedging for Complex Interest-Rate Derivatives , 2009 .

[6]  David H. Wolpert,et al.  Stacked generalization , 1992, Neural Networks.

[7]  Bernd Bischl,et al.  Resampling Methods for Meta-Model Validation with Recommendations for Evolutionary Computation , 2012, Evolutionary Computation.

[8]  A. Lo,et al.  THE ECONOMETRICS OF FINANCIAL MARKETS , 1996, Macroeconomic Dynamics.

[9]  Sheldon Natenberg,et al.  Option volatility and pricing strategies : advanced trading techniques for professionals , 1988 .

[10]  Howard Corb Interest Rate Swaps and Other Derivatives , 2012 .

[11]  B. Malkiel The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics , 2003 .

[12]  Ammar Belatreche,et al.  Evaluating machine learning classification for financial trading: An empirical approach , 2016, Expert Syst. Appl..

[13]  Radford M. Neal Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning , 2007, Technometrics.

[14]  Jiahai Wang,et al.  Financial time series prediction using a dendritic neuron model , 2016, Knowl. Based Syst..

[15]  David G. Stork,et al.  Pattern classification, 2nd Edition , 2000 .

[16]  Hans-Jörg von Mettenheim,et al.  Real-Time Pricing and Hedging of Options on Currency Futures with Artificial Neural Networks , 2014 .

[17]  Douglas S. Ehrman,et al.  The Handbook of Pairs Trading: Strategies Using Equities, Options, and Futures , 2006 .

[18]  Chulwoo Han,et al.  Deep learning networks for stock market analysis and prediction: Methodology, data representations, and case studies , 2017, Expert Syst. Appl..

[19]  Min Qi,et al.  Pricing and hedging derivative securities with neural networks: Bayesian regularization, early stopping, and bagging , 2001, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[20]  A. Meucci Risk and asset allocation , 2005 .

[21]  Georgios Sermpinis,et al.  Stock market prediction using evolutionary support vector machines: an application to the ASE20 index , 2016 .

[22]  Allan Timmermann,et al.  Complete subset regressions , 2013 .

[23]  S. Shreve Stochastic Calculus for Finance II: Continuous-Time Models , 2010 .

[24]  Rob J Hyndman,et al.  Forecasting with Exponential Smoothing: The State Space Approach , 2008 .

[25]  Youyong Kong,et al.  Deep Direct Reinforcement Learning for Financial Signal Representation and Trading , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[26]  Hyejin Park,et al.  Parametric models and non-parametric machine learning models for predicting option prices: Empirical comparison study over KOSPI 200 Index options , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[27]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Neural Networks and Learning Machines , 2010 .