EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON KAFFIR LIME OIL BY USING HYDRO- DIFFUSION STEAM DISTILLATION SYSTEM (Kesan Suhu Ke Atas Minyak Limau Purut Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Penyulingan Penyebaran Hidro)

Extraction temperature is one of an important parameter that can give large effect on output yield and quality of essential oils. For that reason, temperature is chosen as a process variable in this study. Fruit of kaffir limes was collected from orchards around Dengkil area around January 2013. Fresh peels of kaffir lime undergo weighing process. A 0.35 kg grounded kaffir lime peels for each steam temperature setting which are 80 o C, 90 o C, 95 o C and uncontrolled temperature (100 o C). The steam temperature setting was achieved by using a HFPID controller scheme by controlling the voltage fed to the heater. The proposed research applied the concept of hydro diffusion where steam and extract (water and essential oil) move naturally downwards by earth gravity downwards to the condenser. The hydro diffusion steam distillation plant enhances oil recovery by minimizing oil waste in boiling water and its opposite from the conventional steam extraction where steam goes upward. From the results, it can be concluded that different temperature will give different effects on the quality and quantity of essential oil. For each steam temperature setting, it produces a different composition of the constituents.

[1]  Silvia Porcedda,et al.  Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extract of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and of Acorus calamus L. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[2]  B. M. Lawrence,et al.  Constituents of the leaf and peel oils of Citrus hystrix, D.C. , 1971 .

[3]  M D Luque de Castro,et al.  Ultrasound-assisted dynamic extraction of valuable compounds from aromatic plants and flowers as compared with steam distillation and superheated liquid extraction. , 2008, Talanta.

[4]  Farid Chemat,et al.  Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach , 2006 .

[5]  Mohd Nasir Taib,et al.  Essential oil composition of Kaffir lime: Comparative analysis between controlled steam distillation and hydrodistillation extraction process , 2009, 2009 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD).

[6]  C. Tribuddharat,et al.  Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Citrus hystrix (makrut lime) against respiratory tract pathogens , 2012 .

[7]  S. Rezzoug,et al.  Optimization of Steam Extraction of Oil from Maritime Pine Needles , 2009 .

[8]  Farid Chemat,et al.  Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[9]  K. Allaf,et al.  Isolation of Indonesian cananga oil using multi-cycle pressure drop process. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[10]  V. Ferraro,et al.  Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatile oil from Italian coriander seeds , 2008 .

[11]  Curtis L. Weller,et al.  Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants , 2006 .

[12]  Fatemeh Sefidkon,et al.  Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss , 2003 .

[13]  Farid Chemat,et al.  Comparison of two isolation methods for essential oil from rosemary leaves: Hydrodistillation and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity , 2009 .

[14]  Hui Wang,et al.  Extraction of Oil from Jatropha Seeds , 2011 .

[15]  Shaokun Tang,et al.  Comparison of essential oils of clove buds extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and other three traditional extraction methods , 2007 .

[16]  Phineas Masango,et al.  Cleaner production of essential oils by steam distillation , 2005 .

[17]  Chien M. Wai,et al.  Superheated water extraction, steam distillation and SFE of peppermint oil , 1999 .

[18]  Farid Chemat,et al.  Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, a new technique for extraction of essential oils. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[19]  G. Srzednicki,et al.  Microencapsulation of Kaffir Lime Oil and Its Functional Properties , 2012 .

[20]  D. Kaya,et al.  Comparing the effect of sub-critical water extraction with conventional extraction methods on the chemical composition of Lavandula stoechas. , 2008, Talanta.

[21]  Mostafa Khajeh,et al.  Comparison of essential oils compositions of Nepeta persica obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation methods , 2010 .

[22]  E. Voutsas,et al.  Extraction of parsley seed oil by supercritical CO2 , 2004 .

[23]  Oscar Rodríguez,et al.  Citrus essential oil terpenless by extraction using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ionic liquid: Effect of the temperature , 2007 .

[24]  Ricardo A. F. Machado,et al.  Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation , 2009 .

[25]  Soosan Rowshanzamir,et al.  Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.) , 2007 .