Mechanical Torque Ripple From a Passive Diode Rectifier in a 12 kW Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

The influence of passive rectification on the mechanical torque of a permanent magnet generator for a directly driven vertical axis wind turbine has been studied. Passive diode rectification introduce electromagnetic torque ripple from the generator. The conversion of electromagnetic torque ripple into mechanical torque ripple and rotational speed ripple has been modeled, analytically evaluated, and simulated. The simulations have been compared to measurements on an open site 12 kW prototype. A parameter study with the model illustrates the impact of shaft torsional spring constant, generator rotor inertia, generator inductance, and dc-link capacitance. The results show that the shaft and generator rotor can be an effective filter of electromagnetic torque ripple from diode rectification. The measured mechanical torque ripple amplitude on the prototype is less than $\pm$0.9% of nominal turbine torque. The measurements compare well with the simulations.