Contrôle exécutif et comportement d'utilisation d'objets : vers une dissociation

Lhermitte (Brain 1983 ; 106 : 237-55) a propose le terme de « comportement d’utilisation d’objets » (CUO) pour caracteriser un syndrome neurologique particulier : sans injonction de l’examinateur, la presentation visuotactile d’objets suffit a ce que les patients s’en saisissent et les utilisent. Lhermitte envisage ce comportement comme la consequence de lesions frontales et le considere comme un aspect central du « syndrome de dependance a l’environnement » (Ann Neurol 1986 ; 19 : 335-43). Par la suite, Shallice et al. (Brain 1989 ; 112 : 1587-98) ont remis en cause la procedure d’investigation developpee par Lhermitte (Brain 1983 ; 106 : 237-55), en proposant une autre methodologie de recherche qui conduit a dissocier deux formes de CUO. Il n’existe pas de comparaison de ces deux procedures chez un meme groupe de patients. Nous avons recherche le CUO chez 40 sujets (20 patients frontaux et 20 sujets temoins apparies) a partir des protocoles de Lhermitte (Brain 1983 ; 106 : 237-55) et de Shallice et al. (Brain 1989 ; 112 : 1587-98). Par ailleurs, pour mettre a l’epreuve l’interpretation cognitive du CUO comme l’expression d’un defaut du controle executif, nous avons etudie les liens entre ce comportement et les performances aux epreuves executives. Les resultats montrent que les deux formes de CUO peuvent apparaitre independamment. De plus, il n’existe pas de correlation entre le CUO et les scores aux differents tests, suggerant une dissociation entre ce comportement et les capacites de controle cognitif.

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