Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke

Background Oxidative stress, characterized by increased generation of oxygen free radicals results in generation of lipid peroxides like malondialdehyde (MDA). Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Vitamin E are part of intracellular protection mechanisms to overcome oxidative stress. The present study evaluated lipid profile, oxidative stress and antioxidants in Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke patients. Method: The study was carried out on 50 diagnosed cases of acute ischemic stroke, 10 cases of TIA and 60 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected and assessed for serum lipid profile (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, serum HDL and serum LDL cholesterol) and markers of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidants (Erythrocyte SOD and serum Vitamin E). Statistical analysis was performed using Spss 13. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: In stroke patients as well as TIA patients, a significant increase was observed in plasma sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides , LDL cholesterol and MDA whereas a significant decrease was observed in serum HDL, erythrocyte SOD and Vitamin E levels as compared to control group. The patients with TIA demonstrated more deranged lipid profile as compared to stroke patients whereas stroke patients had higher oxidative stress than TIA patients as evidenced by higher levels of MDA and lower levels of SOD and Vitamin E in stroke patients as compared to TIA patients. Conclusion: Oxidative stress is a potential contributor to acute ischemic stroke and TIA besides deranged lipid profile. The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may contribute to the severity of stroke.

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