Biological control of Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum by Bacillus subtilis, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Glomus fasciculatum on pigeonpea.

Summary - Beuillus subtilis, BradyrhizoOium japonicum and Glomus fascieulatum were used alone and in combination for the management of a wilt disease complex of pigeonpea caused by the nematode Heterodera cajani and the fungus Fusan'um udum. Application of ail the three management agents alone or in combination to plants inoctUated with the pathogens increased shoot dry weight, number of nodules, phosphorus content, and reduced nematode multiplication and wilting index. Application of B. subtilis alone to plants inoctUated with either of the pathogens caused a similar increase in shoot dry weight as to that caused by G. fascieulatum. However, use of B. subtilis on plants inoculated with both the pathogens resulted in greater shoot dry weight than caused by G. fascieulatum or B. japonicum. Increase in shoot dry weight was greater when plants inoctUated with pathogens were treated with G. fasciculatum plus B. subtilis or these (WO combined with B. japonicum. Application of al! the three management agents against pathogens resulted in the greatest nodulation and the greatest reduction in nematode multiplication. Combined application of G. fasciculatum and B. japonicum increased root infection by G. fasciculatum while combined use with B. subtilis reduced mycor­ rhizal colonisation. Resume - Contr6k biologique d'Heterodera cajani et de Fusarium udum par Bacillus subtilis, Bradyrhizobium japoIUcum et Glomus fasciculatum sur pois d'Angok - Bacilus subtilis, Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum et Glomusfasciculatum SOnt utilises, seuls ou en combinaison, pour le traitement d'un fletrissement complexe du pois d'Angole cause par le nematode Heterodera cajani et le champignon Fusarium udum. Les traitements a l'aide de ces trois agents, seuls ou en combinaison, effecrues sur des plants inoctUes par les deux parasites augmentent le poids sec des racines, le nombre de nodules et le taux de phosphore, et dimunuent le nombre de nematodes ainsi que l'indice de fletrissement. B. subtilis applique seul sur des plants inocules par l'un ou l'autre parasite provoque un accroissement du poids sec des racines equivalent a celui cause par G. fascicula[um. Cependant, dans le cas de plants inoctUes par les deux parasites, le poids sec des racines est superieur a celui observe lors de l'utilisation de G. fasciculatum ou de B. japonicum. Cet accroissement du poids sec des racines est plus prononce si le traitement comporte a la fois G. fasciculatum et B. subtilis ou si le troisieme agent de controle, B. japonicum, est egalement present. L'utilisation des trois agents de controle provoque une plus forte nodulation et une plus importante diminution du nombre des nematodes. Les combinaisons comportant B. japonicum et G.fasciculatum augmentent l'infestation racinaire par ce dernier alors qu'une combinaison de G. fasciculatum et de E. subtilis produit l'effet inverse.

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