The mammalian oviduct plays a crucial role in events leading to the establishment of pregnancy. During the reproductive cycle, the reproductive system undergoes various changes, including alterations in the number of different cell types in the oviductal epithelium and changes in the height of oviductal cells. Maintaining the unique oviductal environment required for the fertilization and early embryonic development comes with an energy cost to the organism. Therefore, it is hypothesized that structural and functional changes to the oviduct during the reproductive cycle represent vital preparations for the development of suitable environments for conception and embryo support. Here, we aimed to identify the changes in protein expression profile that occur during the follicular and luteal stages of the reproductive cycle in oviductal epithelial cells. The porcine oviductal epithelial cell proteomes from the follicular and luteal stages of the reproductive cycle were contrasted after separation by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Several oviductal epithelial cell proteins were up- or down-regulated during the reproductive cycle. We checked the quantitative changes of two of these molecules during different stages of the reproductive cycle using Western blot analysis. Finally, a number of these proteins were identified using tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated distinctive differences in the proteomic profiles of the oviduct between follicular and luteal phases of the reproductive cycle.