Influence of deep loosening techniques and subsequent wheel traffic on soil structure

Abstract This investigation compared the final soil profile conditions, following three deep loosening methods, i.e. deep loosening before (A), after (B) and simultaneous with (C) surface cultivation followed by a subsequent wheeling with either high or low pressure tyres. Only method C combined with low pressure tyres produced a satisfactory final loose subsoil condition, emphasising the need for care in the subsequent management of deep loosened profiles. To retain the deep loosening effect to benefit the next crop, one pass or bed management systems are recommended.