A Five-Freedom Active Damping and Alignment Device Used in the Joule Balance

Damping devices are necessary for suppressing the undesired coil motions in the watt/joule balance. In this paper, an active electromagnetic damping device, located outside the main magnet, is introduced in the joule balance project. The presented damping device can be used in both dynamic and static measurement modes. With the feedback from a detection system, five degrees of freedom of the coil, i.e., the horizontal displacements <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the rotation angles <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta _{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta _{y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta _{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, can be controlled by the active damping device. Hence, two functions, i.e., suppressing the undesired coil motions and reducing the misalignment error, can be realized with this active damping device. The principle, construction, and performance of the proposed active damping device are presented.