Effects of powder-to-liquid ratio on properties of β-tricalcium-phosphate cements modified using high-energy ball-milling.

The authors have developed a β-tricalcium-phosphate (β-TCP) powder modified mechano-chemically through the application of a ball-milling process (mβ-TCP). The resulting powder can be used in a calcium-phosphate-cement (CPC). In this study, the effects of the powder-to-liquid ratio (P/L ratio) on the properties of the CPCs were investigated, and an appropriate P/L ratio that would simultaneously improve injectability and strength was clarified. The mβ-TCP cement mixed at a P/L ratio of 2.5 and set in air exhibited sufficient injectability until 20 min after mixing, and strength similar to or higher than that mixed at a P/L ratio of 2.0 and 2.78. Although the mβ-TCP cements set in vivo and in SBF were found to exhibit a lower strength than those set in air, it did have an appropriate setting time and strength for clinical applications. In conclusion, P/L ratio optimization successfully improved the strength of injectable mβ-TCP cement.

[1]  F. Kawano,et al.  Effects of high-energy ball-milling on injectability and strength of β-tricalcium-phosphate cement. , 2015, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[2]  F. Tancret,et al.  Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: chemistry, handling and mechanical properties. , 2014, Acta biomaterialia.

[3]  Mohammed H. Kailani,et al.  Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization of Injectable Load-Bearing Calcium Phosphate Scaffold , 2013 .

[4]  S. Dorozhkin.  Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations , 2013, Journal of functional biomaterials.

[5]  T. Tani,et al.  Differential blood contamination levels and powder–liquid ratios can affect the compressive strength of calcium phosphate cement (CPC): a study using a transpedicular vertebroplasty model , 2013, European Spine Journal.

[6]  Y. Kanda,et al.  Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR' for medical statistics , 2012, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[7]  Sergey V. Dorozhkin,et al.  Bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[8]  X. D. Zhu,et al.  Controllable release of salmon-calcitonin in injectable calcium phosphate cement modified by chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen polypeptide , 2007, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[9]  M. Bohner,et al.  Technological issues for the development of more efficient calcium phosphate bone cements: a critical assessment. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[10]  G. Baroud,et al.  Injectability of calcium phosphate pastes. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[11]  M Bohner,et al.  Rheological characterization of concentrated aqueous beta-tricalcium phosphate suspensions: the effect of liquid-to-powder ratio, milling time, and additives. , 2005, Acta biomaterialia.

[12]  A. Bigi,et al.  Effect of added gelatin on the properties of calcium phosphate cement. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[13]  L. Grover,et al.  Ionic modification of calcium phosphate cement viscosity. Part I: hypodermic injection and strength improvement of apatite cement. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[14]  L. Grover,et al.  Mechanical activation and cement formation of β-tricalcium phosphate , 2003 .

[15]  M. Roudier,et al.  Tissue reaction against a self-setting calcium phosphate cement set in bone or outside the organism , 2000, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[16]  K. Asaoka,et al.  Development of calcium phosphate cement for rapid crystallization to apatite. , 1998, Dental materials journal.

[17]  Keigo Hoshina,et al.  HARDENING OF β-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE MECHANICALLY TREATED BY MORTAR GRINDER , 2011 .

[18]  L. Grover,et al.  Ionic modification of calcium phosphate cement viscosity. Part II: hypodermic injection and strength improvement of brushite cement. , 2004, Biomaterials.