From 3D Mesh Data Hiding to 3D Shape Blind and Robust Watermarking: A Survey

The need for secure communication of high value 3D virtual objects is becoming very important as a consequence of an increasing activity in simulation, entertainment, industrial design and cultural heritage. Secure communications of intangibles rely on cryptography and on watermarking of the transmitted objects to protect them against modifications (authentication watermarks) and redistributions (tracing forensic watermarks). While watermarking of image, audio and video is reaching maturity, 3D watermarking is still a technology in its infancy. Up to now, 3D watermarking has mainly focused on triangle meshes which are the most used digital representations of the shape of a 3D model. We show in this paper how recent signal processing techniques applied to meshes pave the way towards blind and robust watermarking of 3D shapes. We propose a survey of existing techniques and discuss their robustness, imperceptibility, capacity and security constraints.

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