Estado de Salud Oral de niños y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual en una población chilena, 2012.

Objetivo: Determinar el estado de salud oral de ninos y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual (DI) de establecimientos educacionales municipales,  Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo. Se evaluo una muestra de estudiantes de establecimientos educacionales municipales acerca de historia de caries (dientes permanentes Cariados, Obturados, Perdidos (COPD)/ dientes temporales cariados, extraidos, obturados (ceod)), calidad de higiene (Indice de Higiene Oral Simplificado, IHO-S) y estado gingival (Indice Gingival, IG). Ademas, se interrogo acerca de habitos de higiene, grado de discapacidad intelectual, presencia de enfermedades sistemicas y consumo de medicamentos.Resultados: Se evaluaron 195 estudiantes de 6-21 anos (promedio 13 anos) con DI leve a moderada. El COPD/ceod promedio fue de 2.19/1.33 para mujeres y de 1.59/1.93 para hombres. El IHO-S en el 75.9% de los participantes fue regular, encontrandose peor higiene oral en participantes con DI moderada. Solo un 2.6% presento codigo 0 para el IG, reflejando pobre higiene oral. La mayoria de los participantes poseia cepillo de dientes propio (88.2%) y se cepillaban sin ayuda (96.4%).Conclusion: El estado de salud oral de la poblacion evaluada es deficiente. La calidad de higiene oral es regular o mala, lo que conlleva un pobre estado de salud gingival.Palabras claves: Discapacidad Intelectual, Indice COP, Indice de Higiene Oral, Indice Periodontal, Chile. Aim: To determine the oral health status of intellectually disabled (ID) children and adolescents from state schools, Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Design: Descriptive study. A sample of students from state schools was assessed for caries history (Decayed, Missing, Filled permanent Teeth (DMFT)/decayed, extracted, filled temporal teeth (deft)), quality of oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, OHI-S) and gingival health (Gingival Index, GI). In addition, questions were asked about dental care habits, degree of ID, presence of systemic disease and medicine use. Results: 195 students with slight to moderate ID and aged from 6 to 21 years were assessed. The average DMFT/deft was 2.19/1.33 for female students and 1.59/1.93 for male students. The OHI-S in 75.9% of participants was moderate, with poorer oral hygiene found in participants with moderate ID. Only 2.6% showed code 0 for GI, reflecting poor oral hygiene. Most participants possessed their own toothbrush (88.2%) and could clean their teeth unaided (96.4%).Conclusion: The state of oral health in the assessed population is deficient. The quality of oral hygiene is normal or poor, which leads to poor gingival health.Key Words: “Intellectual Disability”[MeSH]; “DMF Index” [MeSH]; “Oral Hygiene Index” [MeSH]; “Periodontal Index” [MeSH]; Chile.

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