Enhanced biological phosphorus removal by granular sludge: from macro- to micro-scale.

In this study, phosphorus accumulating microbial granules were successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using synthetic wastewater. The average diameter of the granules was 0.74 mm and the diameter distribution fitted well with normal distribution with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Good performance of biological phosphorus removal (BPR) was obtained in the granular system. The average phosphorus removal efficiency was over 94.3% and the level of phosphorus in the effluent was below 0.50mg/L during 300 days of operation. Particle analysis showed that positive charged particles were formed with the release of phosphorus in the anaerobic stage. These particles served as the cores of granules and stimulate the granulation. The maturated granules had a well-formed micro-pore structure with an average pore width between 291.5 nm and 446.5 nm. The spatial distribution of phosphorus decreased gradually from the surface to the center of the granules. Smaller granules had a higher specific area, pore width and phosphorus removal activity than bigger granules.

[1]  J. Tay,et al.  Extracellular polymeric substances and structural stability of aerobic granule. , 2008, Water research.

[2]  Jian Chen,et al.  Aerobic granular sludge cultivated under the selective pressure as a driving force , 2004 .

[3]  J. Tay,et al.  Enhanced phenol biodegradation and aerobic granulation by two coaggregating bacterial strains. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[4]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Selection of slow growing organisms as a means for improving aerobic granular sludge stability. , 2004, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[5]  P. Alphenaar,et al.  Scanning electron microscopical method for internal structure analysis of anaerobic granular sludge , 1994 .

[6]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  Calcium spatial distribution in aerobic granules and its effects on granule structure, strength and bioactivity. , 2008, Water research.

[7]  Yinguang Chen,et al.  Enhanced biological phosphorus removal driven by short-chain fatty acids produced from waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  J. Tay,et al.  Removal of dissolved copper(II) and zinc(II) by aerobic granular sludge. , 2004, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[9]  Tomonori Matsuo,et al.  Modelling glycogen storage and denitrification capability of microorganisms in enhanced biological phosphate removal processes , 1995 .

[10]  S. V. Narasimhan,et al.  Aerobic granular biomass: a novel biomaterial for efficient uranium removal , 2006 .

[11]  J. Chung,et al.  Relationship between solid retention time and phosphorus removal in anaerobic-intermittent aeration process. , 2007, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[12]  D. Montané,et al.  Adsorption of phenol onto activated carbons having different textural and surface properties , 2008 .

[13]  J. Tay,et al.  Development and characteristics of phosphorus-accumulating microbial granules in sequencing batch reactors , 2003, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[14]  H. E-L O N G J I A N G,et al.  Enhanced Phenol Biodegradation and Aerobic Granulation by Two Coaggregating Bacterial Strains , 2022 .

[15]  P. Lens,et al.  Effect of Na+ and Ca2+ on the aggregation properties of sieved anaerobic granular sludge , 2007 .

[16]  J J Heijnen,et al.  Model of the anaerobic metabolism of the biological phosphorus removal process: Stoichiometry and pH influence , 1994, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[17]  J. Tay,et al.  High organic loading influences the physical characteristics of aerobic sludge granules , 2002, Letters in applied microbiology.

[18]  M. Loosdrecht,et al.  Selection of slow growing organisms as a means for improving aerobic granular sludge stability , 2004 .

[19]  Yan Liu,et al.  Enhanced phosphorus biological removal from wastewater—effect of microorganism acclimatization with different ratios of short-chain fatty acids mixture , 2005 .

[20]  J B Neethling,et al.  Struvite control through process and facility design as well as operation strategy. , 2004, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[21]  Han-Qing Yu,et al.  Formation and characterization of aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor treating soybean-processing wastewater. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[22]  Joo-Hwa Tay,et al.  The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on the formation and stability of biogranules , 2004, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[23]  M. Pijuan,et al.  Response of an EBPR population developed in an SBR with propionate to different carbon sources. , 2004, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[24]  Duu-Jong Lee,et al.  High-rate denitrifying sulfide removal process in expanded granular sludge bed reactor. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[25]  Xiaoming Li,et al.  Enhanced aerobic sludge granulation in sequencing batch reactor by Mg2+ augmentation. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[26]  Yan Liu,et al.  Effect of initial pH control on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater containing acetic and propionic acids. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[27]  Joo-Hwa Tay,et al.  The essential role of hydrodynamic shear force in the formation of biofilm and granular sludge. , 2002, Water research.

[28]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[29]  J. Tay,et al.  The role of SBR mixed liquor volume exchange ratio in aerobic granulation. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[30]  J M Tiedje,et al.  Channel structures in aerobic biofilms of fixed-film reactors treating contaminated groundwater , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[31]  J. Tay,et al.  Substrate concentration‐independent aerobic granulation in sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactor , 2003, Environmental technology.

[32]  Cristian Picioreanu,et al.  Multi-scale individual-based model of microbial and bioconversion dynamics in aerobic granular sludge. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[33]  J. Tay,et al.  Ca2+ augmentation for enhancement of aerobically grown microbial granules in sludge blanket reactors , 2004, Biotechnology Letters.

[34]  Han-Qing Yu,et al.  An innovative microelectrode fabricated using photolithography for measuring dissolved oxygen distributions in aerobic granules. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[35]  J. Tay,et al.  Biomass and porosity profiles in microbial granules used for aerobic wastewater treatment , 2003, Letters in applied microbiology.

[36]  B. Gao,et al.  Biosorption of Malachite Green from aqueous solutions onto aerobic granules: kinetic and equilibrium studies. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[37]  R. Zeng,et al.  Anaerobic metabolism of propionate by polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. , 2005, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[38]  Aaron Marc Saunders,et al.  Competition between polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems with acetate and propionate as carbon sources. , 2006, Journal of biotechnology.

[39]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  A generalized model for aerobic granule-based sequencing batch reactor. 1. Model development. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[40]  J. Tay,et al.  Aerobic granular sludge: recent advances. , 2008, Biotechnology advances.

[41]  N. Kosaric,et al.  The effect of calcium on microbial aggregation during uasb reactor start up , 1987 .

[42]  J. Tay,et al.  Selection pressure is a driving force of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors , 2004 .

[43]  J. Akunna,et al.  Structural analysis of anaerobic granules in a phase separated reactor by electron microscopy. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[44]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  Determination of the pore size distribution and porosity of aerobic granules using size-exclusion chromatography. , 2007, Water research.

[45]  M. Wentzel,et al.  Enhanced polyphosphate organism cultures in activated sludge systems-Part 1 : Enhanced culture development , 2008 .

[46]  Zhiguo Yuan,et al.  Development of a 2-sludge, 3-stage system for nitrogen and phosphorous removal from nutrient-rich wastewater using granular sludge and biofilms. , 2008, Water research.

[47]  B. Wilén,et al.  The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs , 1999 .

[48]  J. Tay,et al.  Influence of starvation time on formation and stability of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactors. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[49]  Hanqing Yu,et al.  Aerobic granulation with brewery wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. , 2007, Bioresource technology.

[50]  Zhiping Wang,et al.  Effects of extracellular polymeric substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[51]  Zhiguo Yuan,et al.  Comparison of acetate and propionate uptake by polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms. , 2005, Biotechnology and bioengineering.