The influence of orofacial pain on sleep pattern: a review of theory, animal models and future directions.

Sleep is necessary for the maintenance of normal physiological function and vital processes. Pain exerts a broad range of effects upon sleep patterns. Nevertheless, these two conditions are poorly understood, in part due to the limited choice of experimental models available to study these conditions. Among pain conditions, temporomandibular joint pain and orofacial pain are important clinical entities involving the occurrence of inflammatory processes and neuropathic pain. In this article, we provide a concise review of the past and current literature on the neglected influence of the modulatory role of orofacial pain on sleep, and we highlight the experimental studies on different pain and orofacial pain processes.

[1]  A. Buj-Bello,et al.  The glossary of prosthodontic terms. , 2005, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[2]  U. John,et al.  Association of malocclusion and functional occlusion with subjective symptoms of TMD in adults: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[3]  C. Parada,et al.  Development of a behavioral model of TMJ pain in rats: the TMJ formalin test , 2001, PAIN.

[4]  D. Buchwald,et al.  Overlapping conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular disorder. , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[5]  P. Mason,et al.  Brainstem modulation of pain during sleep and waking. , 2003, Sleep medicine reviews.

[6]  B. Cairns.  The Influence of Gender and Sex Steroids on Craniofacial Nociception , 2007, Headache.

[7]  A. Szentpétery,et al.  An epidemiologic study of mandibular dysfunction dependence on different variables. , 1987, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[8]  R. Torres-González,et al.  Effect of acute gouty arthritis on sleep patterns: A preclinical study , 2009, European journal of pain.

[9]  S. Tufik,et al.  Sleep alterations in an experimental orofacial pain model in rats , 2003, Brain Research.

[10]  J. Nobrega,et al.  Pain hypersensitivity induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation is not due to altered binding to brain μ-opioid receptors , 2007, Behavioural Brain Research.

[11]  S. Tufik,et al.  Effects of sleep loss on sleep architecture in Wistar rats: Gender-specific rebound sleep , 2008, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[12]  S. Tufik,et al.  Distinct Gender-related Sleep Pattern in an Acute Model of TMJ Pain , 2009, Journal of dental research.

[13]  H. Moldofsky,et al.  Sleep disturbance induced by substance P in mice , 2006, Behavioural Brain Research.

[14]  P. Dessein,et al.  Neuroendocrine deficiency-mediated development and persistence of pain in fibromyalgia: a promising paradigm? , 2000, Pain.

[15]  F. Lobbezoo,et al.  Relationship Between Sleep, Neck Muscle Activity, and Pain in Cervical Dystonia , 1996, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[16]  S. Tufik,et al.  Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats. , 2007, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[17]  J. Ro.  Bite force measurement in awake rats: a behavioral model for persistent orofacial muscle pain and hyperalgesia. , 2005, Journal of orofacial pain.

[18]  R. Bandler,et al.  Peripheral nerve injury evokes disabilities and sensory dysfunction in a subpopulation of rats: a closer model to human chronic neuropathic pain? , 2004, Neuroscience Letters.

[19]  G. Affleck,et al.  Sequential daily relations of sleep, pain intensity, and attention to pain among women with fibromyalgia , 1996, Pain.

[20]  R. Lipton,et al.  Classification of daily and near-daily headaches , 1996, Neurology.

[21]  R. Bandler,et al.  A subpopulation of rats show social and sleep–waking changes typical of chronic neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury , 2003, The European journal of neuroscience.

[22]  S. Tufik,et al.  Sleep bruxism and temporomandibular disorder: Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation. , 2006, Archives of oral biology.

[23]  J. Lipton,et al.  Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported orofacial pain in the United States. , 1993, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[24]  J. Okeson.  Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion , 1989 .

[25]  P. Mason,et al.  Nociceptive responsiveness during slow-wave sleep and waking in the rat. , 2001, Sleep.

[26]  G. Lavigne,et al.  Quality of sleep and its daily relationship to pain intensity in hospitalized adult burn patients , 2001, PAIN®.

[27]  S. Tufik,et al.  Effects of COX-2 Inhibitor in Temporomandibular Joint Acute Inflammation , 2007, Journal of dental research.

[28]  G. Carli,et al.  Differential effects of persistent nociceptive stimulation on sleep stages , 1987, Behavioural Brain Research.

[29]  M Hirshkowitz,et al.  Atlas, rules, and recording techniques for the scoring of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in human sleep. , 2001, Sleep medicine.

[30]  J. Okeson,et al.  Psychological and Sleep Quality Differences between Chronic Daily Headache and Temporomandibular Disorders Patients , 2004, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[31]  P. Hansson,et al.  Modulatory influence on somatosensory perception from vibration and heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) in fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjects , 1997, Pain.

[32]  U. John,et al.  Association of malocclusion and functional occlusion with signs of temporomandibular disorders in adults: results of the population-based study of health in Pomerania. , 2004, The Angle orthodontist.

[33]  E. Sarlani,et al.  Orofacial pain--Part I: Assessment and management of musculoskeletal and neuropathic causes. , 2005, AACN clinical issues.

[34]  L. Leresche,et al.  Epidemiology of orofacial pain , 2009 .

[35]  P. Svensson,et al.  Hypnosis in the management of persistent idiopathic orofacial pain – Clinical and psychosocial findings , 2008, PAIN.

[36]  A. Ali,et al.  Changes in the innervation of rabbit craniomandibular joint tissues associated with experimental induction of anterior disk displacement: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. , 1995, Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice.

[37]  J. Levine,et al.  Decreased slow-wave and paradoxical sleep in a rat chronic pain model. , 1989, Sleep.

[38]  S. Dworkin,et al.  Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: clinical signs in cases and controls. , 1990, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[39]  R. de Leeuw,et al.  Prevalence and impact of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients with masticatory muscle or temporomandibular joint pain: differences and similarities. , 2007, Journal of orofacial pain.

[40]  R. Helme,et al.  Age-related differences in the endogenous analgesic response to repeated cold water immersion in human volunteers , 2000, Pain.

[41]  D. Bereiter.  Sex Differences in Brainstem Neural Activation after Injury to the TMJ Region , 2001, Cells Tissues Organs.

[42]  P. Mason,et al.  Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.

[43]  C. Dubray,et al.  The effects of total sleep deprivation, selective sleep interruption and sleep recovery on pain tolerance thresholds in healthy subjects , 2001, Journal of sleep research.

[44]  S. Tufik,et al.  Sleep pattern in an experimental model of osteoarthritis , 2008, PAIN.

[45]  O. Bernhardt,et al.  Association of malocclusion and functional occlusion with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adults: a systematic review of population-based studies. , 2004, Quintessence international.

[46]  R. de Leeuw,et al.  Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in fibromyalgia and failed back syndrome patients: a blinded prospective comparison study. , 2007, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[47]  A. Eschalier,et al.  Vocalization thresholds related to noxious paw pressure are decreased by paradoxical sleep deprivation and increased after sleep recovery in rat , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

[48]  S. Marklund,et al.  Incidence and prevalence of myofascial pain in the jaw–face region. A one-year prospective study on dental students , 2008, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[49]  Sleep and EEG patterns in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain , 2003, Physiology & Behavior.

[50]  J. Ahlberg,et al.  Perceived orofacial pain and its associations with reported bruxism and insomnia symptoms in media personnel with or without irregular shift work , 2005, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[51]  Changes of sleep patterns in rats with chronic constriction injury under aversive conditions. , 2007, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[52]  S. Tufik,et al.  Evaluation of acute and chronic treatments with Harpagophytum procumbens on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. , 2004, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[53]  B. Mohlin.  Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction and relation between malocclusion and mandibular dysfunction in a group of women in Sweden. , 1983, European journal of orthodontics.

[54]  A. Woda,et al.  Gonadectomy induces site-specific differences in nociception in rats , 2003, Pain.

[55]  Peggy Mason,et al.  Central mechanisms of pain modulation , 1999, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[56]  J. Henry,et al.  Future basic science directions into mechanisms of neuropathic pain. , 2004, Journal of orofacial pain.

[57]  Michael J Racich.  Orofacial pain and occlusion: is there a link? An overview of current concepts and the clinical implications. , 2005, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[58]  T. Newton-John,et al.  Psychiatric and psychological management considerations associated with nerve damage and neuropathic trigeminal pain. , 2004, Journal of orofacial pain.

[59]  R. Hicks,et al.  Pain Thresholds in Rats during Recovery from Rem Sleep Deprivation , 1979, Perceptual and motor skills.

[60]  C. Parada,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in the antinociception mediated by kappa opioid receptors in the rat temporomandibular joint , 2004, Neuroscience Letters.

[61]  H. Worthington,et al.  Orofacial pain: just another chronic pain? Results from a population-based survey , 2002, Pain.

[62]  S. Tufik,et al.  Sleep patterns over 21-day period in rats with chronic constriction of sciatic nerve , 2003, Brain Research.

[63]  E. Eisenberg,et al.  The peripheral antinociceptive effect of morphine in a rat model of facial pain , 1996, Neuroscience.

[64]  A. Glenny,et al.  Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome , 2022 .

[65]  S. Tufik,et al.  Altered sleep and behavioral patterns of arthritic rats. , 2000, Sleep research online : SRO.

[66]  J. Okeson,et al.  Comparison of sleep quality and clinical and psychologic characteristics in patients with temporomandibular disorders. , 2002, Journal of orofacial pain.

[67]  M. Warren,et al.  Temporomandibular Disorders and Hormones in Women , 2001, Cells Tissues Organs.

[68]  R. Fillingim,et al.  Effects of age on temporal summation and habituation of thermal pain: clinical relevance in healthy older and younger adults. , 2001, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[69]  G. Lavigne,et al.  Understanding and managing the interaction between sleep and pain: an update for the dentist. , 2003, Journal.

[70]  L Parrino,et al.  Relationship of slow and rapid EEG components of CAP to ASDA arousals in normal sleep. , 2001, Sleep.

[71]  D. Bereiter,et al.  Effect of persistent monoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint region on acute mustard oil-induced excitation of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons in male and female rats , 2005, Pain.

[72]  F. Lobbezoo,et al.  Myofascial temporomandibular disorder pain, parafunctions and psychological stress. , 2008, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[73]  R. Fillingim,et al.  Overview of orofacial pain: epidemiology and gender differences in orofacial pain. , 2007, Dental clinics of North America.

[74]  R. Auvenshine.  Temporomandibular disorders: associated features. , 2007, Dental clinics of North America.

[75]  A. Glaros,et al.  The role of parafunctions, emotions and stress in predicting facial pain. , 2005, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[76]  S. Tufik,et al.  Endocrinological and catecholaminergic alterations during sleep deprivation and recovery in male rats , 2005, Journal of sleep research.