Fundamentals of electron beam testing of integrated circuits

[1]  W. Schottky Über spontane Stromschwankungen in verschiedenen Elektrizitätsleitern , 1918 .

[2]  B. Piwczyk,et al.  Specialized Scanning Electron Microscopy Voltage Contrast Techniques for LSI Failure Analysis , 1974 .

[3]  L. Pensak Conductivity Induced by Electron Bombardment in Thin Insulating Films , 1949 .

[4]  K. Mckay,et al.  Secondary Electron Emission , 1948 .

[5]  Tso-Ping Ma,et al.  Comparison of interface-state generation by 25-keV electron beam irradiation in p-type and n-type MOS capacitors , 1975 .

[6]  C. Oatley,et al.  Isolation of potential contrast in the scanning electron microscope , 1969 .

[7]  A. Holmes-Siedle,et al.  The Physics of Failure of MIS Devices Under Radiation , 1968 .

[8]  Hiromu Fujioka,et al.  Two‐dimensional observation of Gunn domains at 1 GHz by picosecond pulse stroboscopic SEM , 1977 .

[9]  D. C. Shaver Techniques for electron beam testing and restructuring integrated circuits , 1981 .

[10]  R. Shimizu,et al.  Secondary electron and backscattering measurements for polycrystalline copper with a spherical retarding-field analyser , 1973 .

[11]  T. E. Everhart,et al.  Determination of Kilovolt Electron Energy Dissipation vs Penetration Distance in Solid Materials , 1971 .

[12]  H. Sibbert,et al.  Model and performance of hot-electron MOS transistors for high-speed, low power LSI , 1978, 1978 International Electron Devices Meeting.

[13]  D. Wilson,et al.  Surface effects of radiation on semiconductor devices , 1967 .

[14]  H. Feuerbaum,et al.  Beam chopper for subnanosecond pulses in scanning electron microscopy , 1978 .

[15]  R. Kollath Zur Energieverteilung der Sekundrelektronen II. Meergebnisse und Diskussion , 1947 .

[16]  J. Parker,et al.  Kelvin Device to Scan Large Areas for Variations in Contact Potential , 1962 .

[17]  Anand Gopinath,et al.  A technique for the linearization of voltage contrast in the scanning electron microscope , 1971 .

[18]  Peter Dipl Ing Fazekas,et al.  Electron-beam testing of VLSI circuits , 1979 .

[19]  Erich Kubalek,et al.  Secondary electron detection systems for quantitative voltage measurements , 1983 .

[20]  A. Gopinath,et al.  Improved voltage measurement system using the scanning electron microscope , 1977 .

[21]  O. Wells,et al.  Voltage measurement in the scanning electron microscope , 1968 .

[22]  H. Fujioka,et al.  Generation and measurement of subpicosecond electron beam pulses. , 1978, The Review of scientific instruments.

[23]  M. S. Hill,et al.  Deflection beam-chopping in the SEM. , 1977, Journal of physics E: Scientific instruments.

[24]  J. Carette,et al.  EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SURFACE CHARGES CAUSED BY AN INCIDENT ELECTRON BEAM ON A METALLIC SURFACE , 1968 .

[25]  D. B. Holt,et al.  Scanning electron microscope studies of electroluminescent diodes of GaAs and GaP , 1973 .

[26]  Hans C. Pfeiffer,et al.  Contactless electrical testing of large area specimens using electron beams , 1981 .

[27]  W. C. Johnson Mechanisms of Charge Buildup in MOS Insulators , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[28]  Koji Nakamae,et al.  Measurements of deep penetration of low‐energy electrons into metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structure , 1981 .

[29]  D. B. Holt,et al.  Scanning electron microscope studies of electroluminescent diodes of GaAs and GaP III. Quantitative line scan observations on GaP , 1973 .

[30]  John Milligan Hannah Scanning electron microscope applications to integrated circuit testing , 1975 .

[31]  G Y Robinson Stroboscopic scanning electron microscopy at Gigahertz frequencies. , 1971, The Review of scientific instruments.

[32]  T. Everhart,et al.  Simple calculation of energy distribution of low‐energy secondary electrons emitted from metals under electron bombardment , 1974 .

[33]  Kenji Murata,et al.  Monte Carlo Calculations on Electron Scattering in a Solid Target , 1971 .

[34]  D. Taylor,et al.  The effect of passivation on the observation of voltage contrast in the scanning electron microscope , 1978 .

[35]  T. Everhart,et al.  Selective Electron‐Beam Irradiation of Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Structures , 1968 .

[36]  P. J. Coane,et al.  Electron Beam Testing And Its Application To Packaging Modules For Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Chip Arrays , 1982, Advanced Lithography.

[37]  D. B. Holt,et al.  Scanning electron microscope studies of electroluminescent diodes of GaAs and GaP II. Analysis of GaAs line scan traces , 1973 .

[38]  A. Gopinath Estimate of minimum measurable voltage in the SEM , 1977 .

[39]  Anand Gopinath,et al.  A technique for the study of Gunn devices at 9.1 GHz using a scanning electron microscope , 1973 .

[40]  H. Fujioka,et al.  Electron beam blanking systems , 1983 .

[41]  J. Mucha,et al.  Built-In Test for Complex Digital Integrated Circuits , 1979, Fifth European Solid State Circuits Conference - ESSCIRC 79.

[42]  K. Kanaya,et al.  Secondary electron emission due to primary and backscattered electrons , 1972 .

[43]  H. Fujioka,et al.  Gigahertz stroboscopy with the scanning electron microscope. , 1978, The Review of scientific instruments.

[44]  L. Balk,et al.  Microcharacterization of electroluminescent diodes with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices.