Orthopaedic manifestations of swimming

size of the overall team, 296; size of the swimming team, 35; total orthopaedic consultations, 127; and total orthopaedic swimming consultations, 43. The breakdown of orthopaedic consultations for the Canadian swimming team at the Munich Olympics was as follows: specific areas: shoulder, 16; knee, 12; calf and foot, 8; and miscellaneous, 7; total, 43. In pursuit of a more comprehensive study, a cross-Canada survey was initiated involving competitive swimmers. This survey included the most prominent swimming clubs in the nation and attempted to gain information on the size of the club, the average yardage swam per day, specific orthopaedic complaints, and their outcome. An early conclusion was that only major problems found their way to the family physician or orthopaedic consultant and, in many instances, therapists, trainers, and coaches were treating the familiar, common ailments of swimmers. Often a change in the training program or technique was all that was needed to remedy the problem. In the cross-Canada swimming analysis, the shoulder, knee, calf, and foot were involved in 90% of the complaints. A total of 2,496 swimmers were included in the analysis with the average size of the club consisting of 90 competitors and the average yardage swam per day was 5,000 yards. This was considered a short, quality workout. Many clubs have currently pushed their yardage