Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna embedded in a novel Sierpinski Carpet Fractal based Photonic Band Gap structure for wideband systems

In this paper, a novel Sierpinski Carpet Fractal based Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure is proposed. The parasitic holes drilled to form the fractal geometry improve the band gap performance. The application of the novel PBG on Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (HDRA) improves the impedance bandwidth of operation (S11<;-10 dB) from 10.4 % to 21% at 1.82 GHz. The antenna is excited by a simple coaxial probe at an offset and the broadband is observed for the TE111 mode of the HDRA. The efficiency is above 90% for the entire bandwidth of operation. The peak gain of the proposed structure is 6.4 dBi at 2 GHz.