Le contrôle social du monde des affaires : une étude institutionnelle

La sociologie economique s’est, depuis ses debuts, interessee a l’encastrement institutionnel des marches et aux institutions controlant le fonctionnement des marches. C’est le monde des affaires qui a d’abord, au cours de l’histoire, cree ses propres regulations. Mais il a tres tot recouru a l’Etat, dans un rapport complexe, pour obtenir de meilleurs moyens d’officialisation et de sanction de ses normes. Cet article traite du controle social du monde des affaires a travers l’etude d’une institution juridique et economique contemporaine, creee au XVIe siecle, le tribunal de commerce francais. On y examine en particulier le processus complexe de recrutement par cooptation et election des juges consulaires du Tribunal de commerce de Paris, hommes et femmes d’affaires benevoles parraines par les syndicats patronaux. L’existence d’une variete de modes de cooptation apparait comme l’un des facteurs explicatifs de l’etonnante permanence de cette forme de regulation conjointe.

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