Effects of static magnetic field exposure on blood flow

This paper investigates the influence of static magnetic field exposure on blood flow. We mainly focus on steady flows in a rigid vessel and review the existing theoretical solutions, each based on some simplifying hypothesis. The results are developed, examined and compared, showing how the magnetohydrodynamic interactions reduce the flow rate and generate electric voltages across the vessel walls. These effects are found to be moderate for magnetic fields such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, a very simplified solution, formulated by neglecting the walls conductivity as well as the induced magnetic fields, is proven suitable.

[1]  Vardanian Va.  Effect of a magnetic field on blood flow , 1973 .

[2]  Korchevskiĭ Em,et al.  On the magnetic hydrodynamic variant of blood transfer , 1965 .

[3]  R. Kreis,et al.  Restoration of electrophysiological signals distorted by inductive effects of magnetic field gradients during MR sequences , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  T. Tenforde,et al.  Theoretical analysis of magnetic field interactions with aortic blood flow. , 1996, Bioelectromagnetics.

[5]  L Guize,et al.  Change in human cardiac rhythm induced by a 2-T static magnetic field. , 1988, Radiology.

[6]  Alayar Kangarlu,et al.  Effect of static magnetic field exposure of up to 8 Tesla on sequential human vital sign measurements , 2003, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[7]  Charles Taylor,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CARDIOVASCULAR FLUID MECHANICS , 2004 .

[8]  T. Tenforde,et al.  Alterations in the rat electrocardiogram induced by stationary magnetic fields. , 1981, Bioelectromagnetics.

[9]  J. Keltner,et al.  Magnetohydrodynamics of blood flow , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[10]  E Mousseaux,et al.  Estimation of pressure gradients in pulsatile flow from magnetic resonance acceleration measurements , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[11]  K Bachmann,et al.  [ECG changes caused by the effect of static magnetic fields of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography using magnets with a field power of 0.5 to 4.0 Telsa]. , 1989, Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie.

[12]  Geert Rikken,et al.  Cellular disorders induced by high magnetic fields , 2005, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[13]  Robert H. Edgerton.  The effect of arterial wall thickness and conductivity on electromagnetic flowmeter readings , 2006, Medical and biological engineering.

[14]  T F Budinger,et al.  Cardiovascular alterations in Macaca monkeys exposed to stationary magnetic fields: experimental observations and theoretical analysis. , 1983, Bioelectromagnetics.

[15]  Thomas S Tenforde,et al.  Magnetically induced electric fields and currents in the circulatory system. , 2005, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[16]  C H Lorenz,et al.  Novel real‐time R‐wave detection algorithm based on the vectorcardiogram for accurate gated magnetic resonance acquisitions , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  Richard R. Gold,et al.  Magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow. Part 1 , 1962, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[19]  V. Robin,et al.  Alterations in human ECG due to the MagnetoHydroDynamic effect: A method for accurate R peak detection in the presence of high MHD artifacts , 2007, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[20]  A. Holden.  The sensitivity of the heart to static magnetic fields. , 2005, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.