STORIUM: A Dataset and Evaluation Platform for Machine-in-the-Loop Story Generation

Systems for story generation are asked to produce plausible and enjoyable stories given an input context. This task is underspecified, as a vast number of diverse stories can originate from a single input. The large output space makes it difficult to build and evaluate story generation models, as (1) existing datasets lack rich enough contexts to meaningfully guide models, and (2) existing evaluations (both crowdsourced and automatic) are unreliable for assessing long-form creative text. To address these issues, we introduce a dataset and evaluation platform built from STORIUM, an online collaborative storytelling community. Our author-generated dataset contains 6K lengthy stories (125M tokens) with fine-grained natural language annotations (e.g., character goals and attributes) interspersed throughout each narrative, forming a robust source for guiding models. We evaluate language models fine-tuned on our dataset by integrating them onto STORIUM, where real authors can query a model for suggested story continuations and then edit them. Automatic metrics computed over these edits correlate well with both user ratings of generated stories and qualitative feedback from semi-structured user interviews. We release both the STORIUM dataset and evaluation platform to spur more principled research into story generation.

[1]  Markus Freitag,et al.  BLEU Might Be Guilty but References Are Not Innocent , 2020, EMNLP.

[2]  Yejin Choi,et al.  The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration , 2019, ICLR.

[3]  James R. Meehan,et al.  TALE-SPIN, An Interactive Program that Writes Stories , 1977, IJCAI.

[4]  Andrew S. Gordon,et al.  Creative Help: A Story Writing Assistant , 2015, ICIDS.

[5]  Yann Dauphin,et al.  Strategies for Structuring Story Generation , 2019, ACL.

[6]  Mirella Lapata,et al.  Learning to Tell Tales: A Data-driven Approach to Story Generation , 2009, ACL.

[7]  Nanyun Peng,et al.  Towards Controllable Story Generation , 2018 .

[8]  Garrison W. Cottrell,et al.  Improving Neural Story Generation by Targeted Common Sense Grounding , 2019, EMNLP.

[9]  Chin-Yew Lin,et al.  ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries , 2004, ACL 2004.

[10]  Mike Rose,et al.  Rigid Rules, Inflexible Plans, and the Stifling of Language: A Cognitivist Analysis of Writer's Block. , 1980 .

[11]  Thomas Wolf,et al.  TransferTransfo: A Transfer Learning Approach for Neural Network Based Conversational Agents , 2019, ArXiv.

[12]  Peter J. Stuckey,et al.  The Cassowary linear arithmetic constraint solving algorithm , 2001, TCHI.

[13]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  A Corpus and Cloze Evaluation for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Stories , 2016, NAACL.

[14]  Thibault Sellam,et al.  BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generation , 2020, ACL.

[15]  Timothy P. Lillicrap,et al.  Compressive Transformers for Long-Range Sequence Modelling , 2019, ICLR.

[16]  Minlie Huang,et al.  A Knowledge-Enhanced Pretraining Model for Commonsense Story Generation , 2020, TACL.

[17]  Noah A. Smith,et al.  Creative Writing with a Machine in the Loop: Case Studies on Slogans and Stories , 2018, IUI.

[18]  Ilya Sutskever,et al.  Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners , 2019 .

[19]  MARIA ANTONIAK,et al.  Narrative Paths and Negotiation of Power in Birth Stories , 2019, Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact..

[20]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Latent Dirichlet Allocation , 2001, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[21]  Robert Michael Young,et al.  An intent-driven planner for multi-agent story generation , 2004, Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2004. AAMAS 2004..

[22]  Nanyun Peng,et al.  Content Planning for Neural Story Generation with Aristotelian Rescoring , 2020, EMNLP.

[23]  Nanyun Peng,et al.  Plan, Write, and Revise: an Interactive System for Open-Domain Story Generation , 2019, NAACL.

[24]  Michael Mateas,et al.  The Design of Writing Buddy: A Mixed-Initiative Approach Towards Computational Story Collaboration , 2016, ICIDS.

[25]  Vadim Bulitko,et al.  Interactive Narrative: An Intelligent Systems Approach , 2012, AI Mag..

[26]  Yann Dauphin,et al.  Hierarchical Neural Story Generation , 2018, ACL.

[27]  James C. Lester,et al.  Narrative prose generation , 2001, Artif. Intell..

[28]  Annie Louis,et al.  Deep Dungeons and Dragons: Learning Character-Action Interactions from Role-Playing Game Transcripts , 2018, NAACL.

[29]  Yejin Choi,et al.  Counterfactual Story Reasoning and Generation , 2019, EMNLP.

[30]  Dongyan Zhao,et al.  Plan-And-Write: Towards Better Automatic Storytelling , 2018, AAAI.

[31]  Snigdha Chaturvedi,et al.  Feuding Families and Former Friends: Unsupervised Learning for Dynamic Fictional Relationships , 2016, NAACL.

[32]  Christopher D. Manning,et al.  Do Massively Pretrained Language Models Make Better Storytellers? , 2019, CoNLL.

[33]  Lav R. Varshney,et al.  CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation , 2019, ArXiv.

[34]  Lifu Tu,et al.  Quality Signals in Generated Stories , 2018, *SEMEVAL.