: A commonly held belief is that if people can benefit financially from enterprises that depend on nearby forests, reefs, and other natural habitats, then they will take action to conserve and sustainably use them. The Biodiversity Conservation Network brought together conservation and development organizations and local communities to systematically test this hypothesis across 39 conservation project sites in Asia and the Pacific. Each project implemented one or more community-based enterprises such as setting up an ecotourism lodge, distilling essential oils from wild plant roots, producing jams and jellies from forest fruits, harvesting timber, or collecting marine samples to test for pharmaceutical compounds. Each project team collected the biological, enterprise, and social data necessary to test the network's hypothesis. We present the results of this test. We found that a community-based enterprise strategy can lead to conservation, but only under limited conditions and never on its own. We summarize the specific conditions under which an enterprise strategy will and will not work in a decision chart that can be used by project managers to determine whether this strategy might make sense at their site. We also found that an enterprise strategy can be subsidized and still create a net gain that pays for conservation. Based on our experiences, we recommend developing “learning portfolios” that combine action and research to test other conservation strategies.
Resumen: Una creencia comunmente difundida es que la gente se puede beneficiar financieramente de empresas que dependen de bosques, arrecifes, y otros habitats naturales cercanos y por lo tanto llevarian a cabo acciones para conservar y usarlos sostenidamente. La Red de Conservacion de la Biodiversidad junto a organizaciones de conservacion y desarrollo y a comunidades locales para probar sistematicamente esta hipotesis en 39 proyectos de conservacion en sitios de Asia y el Pacifico. Cada proyecto implemento una o mas empresas basadas en la comunidad, tales como el establecimiento de alojamiento para ecoturismo, destilacion de aceites esenciales a partir de raices de plantas silvestres, produccion de jaleas y mermeladas de frutas del bosque, tala de madera, o la colecta de muestras marinas para probar compuestos farmaceuticos. Cada equipo de trabajo colecto los datos biologicos, empresariales y sociales necesarios para probar la hipotesis de la red. Nosotros presentamos aqui los resultados de esta prueba. Encontramos que una estrategia de las empresas basadas en la comunidad puede conducir a la conservacion, pero solo bajo limitadas condiciones y nunca por si sola. Resumimos las condiciones especificas bajo las cuales una estrategia empresarial trabajaria o no en un diagrama de decisiones que puede ser usado por administradores para determinar si esta estrategia tendria sentido para su sitio. Tambien encontramos que una estrategia empresarial puede ser subsidiada y aun crear una ganancia neta que pague por la conservacion. En base a nuestras experiencias, recomendamos desarrollar “portafolios de aprendizaje” que combinen acciones e investigacion para probar otras estrategias de conservacion.
[1]
M. Pérez,et al.
A Methodology to Analyze Divergent Case Studies of Non-Timber Forest Products and Their Development Potential
,
1999
.
[2]
E. Wollenberg,et al.
Linking Livelihoods and Conservation: A Conceptual Framework and Scale for Assessing the Integration of Human Needs and Biodiversity
,
2000
.
[3]
Richard Margoluis,et al.
Threat Reduction Assessment: a Practical and Cost‐Effective Approach to Evaluating Conservation and Development Projects
,
1999
.
[4]
J. L. Gittleman,et al.
The Future of Biodiversity
,
1995,
Science.
[5]
Richard Margoluis,et al.
Measures of Success: Designing, Managing, and Monitoring Conservation and Development Projects
,
1998
.
[6]
E. Wilson.
The Diversity of Life
,
1992
.
[7]
Walter V. Reid,et al.
Conserving the World's Biological Diversity
,
1990
.
[8]
N. Salafsky,et al.
Evaluating linkages between business, the environment, and local communities : final analytical results from the Biodiversity Conservation Network
,
1999
.
[9]
Kai N. Lee.
Compass and Gyroscope: Integrating Science and Politics for the Environment, Kai N. Lee. 1993. Island Press, Washington, DC. 290 pages. ISBN: 1-59963-197-X. $25.00
,
1993
.
[10]
R. Mittermeier,et al.
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
,
2000,
Nature.