Heterostructured magnetic nanoparticles: their versatility and high performance capabilities.

Magnetic nanoparticles exhibit unique nanoscale properties and their utilization for various magnetic systems is of significant interest. Especially, heterostructured magnetic nanoparticles are emerging as next-generation materials due to their synergistically enhanced magnetism and potential multifunctionalities. Herein, we overview the recent advances in the development of magnetic nanoparticles with a focus on multicomponent heterostructured nanoparticles including alloys, core-shells, and binary superlattices synthesized via nonhydrolytic methods. Their multifunctionalites and high performance capabilities are demonstrated for applications in high density magnetic storages, chemical catalysis, and biomedical separation and diagnostics.

[1]  Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy,et al.  A general approach to binary and ternary hybrid nanocrystals. , 2006, Nano letters.

[2]  P. Fejes,et al.  Superlattices of Iron Nanocubes Synthesized from Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 , 2004, Science.

[3]  Bing Xu,et al.  Dopamine as a robust anchor to immobilize functional molecules on the iron oxide shell of magnetic nanoparticles. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  Q. Pankhurst,et al.  Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine , 2003 .

[5]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Applications of FePt Nanoparticles , 2006 .

[6]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[7]  P. Wust,et al.  Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH): Cancer treatment with AC magnetic field induced excitation of biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles , 1999 .

[8]  C. Kim,et al.  Growth of ultra-fine cobalt ferrite particles by a sol–gel method and their magnetic properties , 1998 .

[9]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[10]  T. Hyeon,et al.  Monodisperse Nanoparticles of Ni and NiO: Synthesis, Characterization, Self‐Assembled Superlattices, and Catalytic Applications in the Suzuki Coupling Reaction , 2005 .

[11]  Martyn Poliakoff,et al.  The continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nano-particulate ferrites in near critical and supercritical water , 2001 .

[12]  Hao Zeng,et al.  Exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly , 2002, Nature.

[13]  Sang Bok Lee,et al.  Magnetic nanotubes for magnetic-field-assisted bioseparation, biointeraction, and drug delivery. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[14]  Jin-Sil Choi,et al.  In vivo magnetic resonance detection of cancer by using multifunctional magnetic nanocrystals. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[15]  A. Rogach,et al.  Colloidal synthesis and self-assembly of CoPt(3) nanocrystals. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  Xiaogang Peng,et al.  Size- and Shape-Controlled Magnetic (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Oxide Nanocrystals via a Simple and General Approach , 2004 .

[17]  Jinwoo Cheon,et al.  Nanoscale size effect of magnetic nanocrystals and their utilization for cancer diagnosis via magnetic resonance imaging. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  E. Snoeck,et al.  Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Nanoparticles from an Organometallic Precursor , 1996 .

[19]  Zhifeng Ren,et al.  Growth of a Single Freestanding Multiwall Carbon Nanotube on each Nanonickel Dot , 1999 .

[20]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  Synthesis of monodisperse cobalt nanocrystals and their assembly into magnetic superlattices (invited) , 1999 .

[21]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Bimagnetic Core/Shell FePt/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles , 2004 .

[22]  M. Pileni,et al.  Collective magnetic properties of cobalt nanocrystals self-assembled in a hexagonal network: Theoretical model supported by experiments , 2000 .

[23]  Jinwoo Cheon,et al.  Dual-mode nanoparticle probes for high-performance magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of neuroblastoma. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[24]  Yongli Gao,et al.  Platinum-Maghemite Core−Shell Nanoparticles Using a Sequential Synthesis , 2003 .

[25]  M. Casanove,et al.  Shape Control of Thermodynamically Stable Cobalt Nanorods through Organometallic Chemistry , 2002 .

[26]  M. Farle,et al.  Synthesis and structure of colloidal bimetallic nanocrystals: The non-alloying system Ag/Co , 2002 .

[27]  M. Veith,et al.  Single Source Precursor Approach for the Sol−Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4 and Zinc−Iron Oxide Composites , 2005 .

[28]  Jinwoo Cheon,et al.  Demonstration of a magnetic and catalytic Co@Pt nanoparticle as a dual-function nanoplatform. , 2006, Chemical communications.

[29]  Min Gyu Kim,et al.  Redox-transmetalation process as a generalized synthetic strategy for core-shell magnetic nanoparticles. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[30]  M. Yin,et al.  Magnetic, electronic, and structural characterization of nonstoichiometric iron oxides at the nanoscale. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[31]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  Dumbbell-like bifunctional Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. , 2005, Nano letters.

[32]  P. Roth,et al.  Formation and characteristics of Fe2O3 nano-particles in doped low pressure H2/O2/Ar flames , 2001 .

[33]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Polyhedral Shapes of Cobalt Nanocrystals and Their Effect on Ordered Nanocrystal Assembly , 2000 .

[34]  Hao Zeng,et al.  Bio-functionalization of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles and their use as biomolecular labels in a magnetic tunnel junction based sensor. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[35]  Hong Yang,et al.  Synthesis of face-centered tetragonal FePt nanoparticles and granular films from Pt@Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  Haruko Takeyama,et al.  Magnetic cell separation using antibody binding with protein a expressed on bacterial magnetic particles. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[37]  Q. Lu,et al.  Fe3O4/CdSe/ZnS magnetic fluorescent bifunctional nanocomposites , 2006 .

[38]  Bing Xu,et al.  Direct synthesis of a bimodal nanosponge based on FePt and ZnS. , 2005, Small.

[39]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Analyzing the Structure of CoFe−Fe3O4 Core−Shell Nanoparticles by Electron Imaging and Diffraction , 2004 .

[40]  M. Shim,et al.  γ-Fe2O3/II−VI Sulfide Nanocrystal Heterojunctions , 2005 .

[41]  Zeev Rosenzweig,et al.  Superparamagnetic Fe2O3 Beads−CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Core−Shell Nanocomposite Particles for Cell Separation , 2004 .

[42]  B. Chaudret,et al.  Synthesis of iron nanoparticles: Size effects, shape control and organisation , 2005 .

[43]  Zhiya Ma,et al.  Surface modification and characterization of magnetic polymer nanospheres prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[44]  M. Casanove,et al.  Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Nanorods , 2001 .

[45]  D. Huber,et al.  Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles. , 2005, Small.

[46]  Carl K. Hoh,et al.  Targeting and retention of magnetic targeted carriers (MTCs) enhancing intra-arterial chemotherapy , 1999 .

[47]  Bing Xu,et al.  Facile one-pot synthesis of bifunctional heterodimers of nanoparticles: a conjugate of quantum dot and magnetic nanoparticles. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[48]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Magnetic relaxation switch immunosensors detect enantiomeric impurities. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[49]  Xiao-qin Li,et al.  Iron nanoparticles: the core-shell structure and unique properties for Ni(II) sequestration. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[50]  R. Molday,et al.  Immunospecific ferromagnetic iron-dextran reagents for the labeling and magnetic separation of cells. , 1982, Journal of immunological methods.

[51]  Min Gyu Kim,et al.  Magnetic superlattices and their nanoscale phase transition effects. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[52]  Min Gyu Kim,et al.  Characterization of superparamagnetic "core-shell" nanoparticles and monitoring their anisotropic phase transition to ferromagnetic "solid solution" nanoalloys. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[53]  Hao Zeng,et al.  Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn) nanoparticles. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[54]  Tsuyoshi Uchiyama,et al.  Recent advances of micro magnetic sensors and sensing application , 1997 .

[55]  Y. Itoh,et al.  Control of size and morphology in NiO particles prepared by a low-pressure spray pyrolysis , 2003 .

[56]  J. Cheon,et al.  Synthesis of "solid solution" and "core-shell" type cobalt--platinum magnetic nanoparticles via transmetalation reactions. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[57]  J. Tejada,et al.  Electrochemical Route for the Synthesis of New Nanostructured Magnetic Mixed Oxides of Mn, Zn, and Fe from an Acidic Chloride and Nitrate Medium , 2000 .

[58]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Viral-induced self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles allows the detection of viral particles in biological media. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[59]  E. Groman,et al.  Synthesis of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides using reduced polysaccharides. , 2004, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[60]  Shan X. Wang,et al.  Shape-controlled synthesis and shape-induced texture of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[61]  Etienne Snoeck,et al.  Synthesis of nickel nanoparticles. Influence of aggregation induced by modification of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) chain length on their magnetic properties , 1999 .

[62]  A. Alivisatos,et al.  The concept of delayed nucleation in nanocrystal growth demonstrated for the case of iron oxide nanodisks. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[63]  Anna Moore,et al.  In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of transgene expression , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[64]  J. Cheon,et al.  Shape evolution of single-crystalline iron oxide nanocrystals. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[65]  T. Pellegrino,et al.  Heterodimers based on CoPt3-Au nanocrystals with tunable domain size. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[66]  M. Giersig,et al.  Magnetic Nanoparticle Superstructures , 2005 .

[67]  E. Shevchenko,et al.  Study of nucleation and growth in the organometallic synthesis of magnetic alloy nanocrystals: the role of nucleation rate in size control of CoPt3 nanocrystals. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[68]  D. Farrell,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Fe Nanoparticles , 2003 .

[69]  José Rivas,et al.  Advances in the Preparation of Magnetic Nanoparticles by the Microemulsion Method , 1997 .

[70]  Sang Won Lee,et al.  Easy Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles , 2004 .

[71]  Bing Xu,et al.  Using biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles to capture vancomycin-resistant enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria at ultralow concentration. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[72]  Q. Song,et al.  Shape control and associated magnetic properties of spinel cobalt ferrite nanocrystals. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[73]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[74]  T. Hyeon,et al.  Designed synthesis of atom-economical pd/ni bimetallic nanoparticle-based catalysts for sonogashira coupling reactions. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[75]  T. Hyeon,et al.  Synthesis and Magnetic Studies of Uniform Iron Nanorods and Nanospheres , 2000 .

[76]  S. Mathur,et al.  Molecular precursor approach to nano-scaled ceramics and metal/metal oxide composites , 1999 .

[77]  J. Cheon,et al.  Superlattice and magnetism directed by the size and shape of nanocrystals. , 2002, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[78]  A. Moser,et al.  Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording , 1999 .

[79]  Diandra L. Leslie-Pelecky,et al.  Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Materials , 1996 .

[80]  Bing Xu,et al.  Heterodimers of nanoparticles: formation at a liquid-liquid interface and particle-specific surface modification by functional molecules. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[81]  Hyungrak Kim,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of Co/CdSe core/shell nanocomposites: bifunctional magnetic-optical nanocrystals. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[82]  Gil U. Lee,et al.  A biosensor based on magnetoresistance technology. , 1998, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[83]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Ultra-large-scale syntheses of monodisperse nanocrystals , 2004, Nature materials.

[84]  M. Weaver,et al.  Apparent indentation size effect in a CVD aluminide coated Ni-base superalloy , 2003 .

[85]  Sun,et al.  Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices , 2000, Science.

[86]  Shan X. Wang,et al.  Spin valve sensors for ultrasensitive detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biological applications. , 2006, Sensors and actuators. A, Physical.

[87]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles for selective binding and magnetic separation of histidine-tagged proteins. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.