Paying for the Fixed Costs of Roads

This paper explores alternative financing mechanisms to pay for the fixed costs of roads, particularly in cases without rising marginal costs. Mechanisms considered include tolls, gas taxes, and developer payments. The problems with each are discussed. An example looking at problems of temporal and spatial free-riding is presented.

[1]  Arthur C. Nelson,et al.  Development Impact Fees , 1988 .

[2]  D. Levinson.  The Limits to Growth Management: Development Regulation in Montgomery County, Maryland , 1997 .

[3]  José A. Gómez-Ibáñez,et al.  THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HIGHWAY TOLLS AND CONGESTION , 1992 .

[4]  C. Winston,et al.  Road Work: A New Highway Pricing and Investment Policy , 1989 .

[5]  Arthur Christian Nelson,et al.  DEVELOPMENT IMPACT FEES: POLICY RATIONALE, PRACTICE, THEORY, AND ISSUES , 1988 .

[6]  P. Payne.  The Bermondsey, Rotherhithe, and Deptford Turnpike Trust, 1776–1810 , 1956 .

[7]  Bhanu Yerra,et al.  Highway Costs and Efficient Mix of State and Local Funds , 2002 .

[8]  W. Fischel,et al.  Regulation for Revenue: The Political Economy of Land Use Exactions , 1993 .

[9]  D. Klein,et al.  How to Franchise Highways , 1993 .

[10]  David M Levinson.  Financing Transportation Networks , 2002 .

[11]  Mary Lay,et al.  Ways of the world : a history of the world's roads and of the vehicles that used them , 1992 .

[12]  Robert G. McGillivray,et al.  交通機関別分担に関する需要とその選択モデル(Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,May1970) , 1971 .

[13]  E. Verhoef.  The implementation of marginal external cost pricing in road transport , 1998 .

[14]  Georgina Santos,et al.  Road taxes, road user charges and earmarking , 2005 .

[15]  Andrew Odlyzko,et al.  The Evolution of Price Discrimination in Transportation and its Implications for the Internet , 2004 .

[16]  Julius K. Hunter,et al.  Westmoreland and Portland Places: The History and Architecture of America's Premier Private Streets, 1888-1988 , 1988 .

[17]  Yuen Jen Cheah,et al.  Valuing Flexibility in Private Toll Road Development , 2002 .

[18]  D. Levinson,et al.  Financing Infrastructure Over Time , 2001 .

[19]  W. Albert.  Popular Opposition to Turnpike Trusts in Early Eighteenth-Century England , 1979 .

[20]  Odd I Larsen.  The toll cordons in Norway: an overview , 1995 .

[21]  Julian C. Juergensmeyer,et al.  A PRACTITIONER'S GUIDE TO DEVELOPMENT IMPACT FEES , 1991 .

[22]  P. Stopher.  Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles , 1993 .

[23]  Daniel B. Klein,et al.  From Trunk to Branch: Toll Roads in New York, 1800-1860 , 2004 .

[24]  English Local Government: The Story of the King's Highway. , 1913 .

[25]  E. Chamberlin.  The theory of monopolistic competition : a re-orientation of the theory of value , 1947 .

[26]  Dan Bogart.  Turnpike Trusts, Infrastructure Investment, and the Road Transportation Revolution in Eighteenth-Century England , 2005, The Journal of Economic History.

[27]  D. Levinson.  Road Pricing in Practice , 2001 .

[28]  R. Cornes,et al.  The theory of externalities, public goods and club goods. 2nd. ed. , 1996 .

[29]  E Sullivan.  EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF THE SR 91 VARIABLE-TOLL EXPRESS LANE FACILITY. FINAL REPORT , 1998 .

[30]  A. Palma,et al.  PRIVATE TOLL ROADS: A DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS André de Palma and Robin Lindsey , 1997 .

[31]  John R. Meyer,et al.  Going Private: The International Experience with Transport Privatization , 1994 .

[32]  Michael Robbins.  The Turnpike Road System in England 1663–1840 . By William Albert. 9 × 6. Pp. xii + 300 + 8 maps + 7 charts. Cambridge University Press, 1972. £5·60. , 1973, The Antiquaries Journal.

[33]  Todd Sandler,et al.  The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods , 1986 .

[34]  J. M. Buchanan,et al.  The Demand and Supply of Public Goods , 1968 .

[35]  Robert M. Fulmer,et al.  The limits to , 1973 .

[36]  Eric Pawson,et al.  Transport and Economy: The Turnpike Roads of Eighteenth-Century Britain. , 1977 .

[37]  P. Casey,et al.  Federal Highway Administration , 2020, Federal Regulatory Guide.

[38]  David M Levinson,et al.  The Transportation Experience: Policy, Planning, and Deployment , 2005 .

[39]  William Albert,et al.  The Turnpike Road System In England, 1663-1840 , 1973 .

[40]  D. Klein.  The Voluntary Provision of Public Goods? The Turnpike Companies of Early America , 1990 .

[41]  Martin Wachs,et al.  A Dozen Reasons For Gasoline Taxes , 2003 .