Migration segregation and the geographic concentration of poverty.

We analyze patterns of African-American mobility and white mobility in U.S. cities to determine the causes of geographically concentrated poverty. Using a special tabulation of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that appends U.S. Census tract data to individual records we analyze the movement of poor and nonpoor people into and out of five types of neighborhoods: white nonpoor black nonpoor black poor black very poor and racially and socioeconomically mixed neighborhoods. We find little support for the view that the geographic concentration of black poverty is caused by the out-migration of nonpoor blacks or that it stems from the net movement of blacks into poverty. Rather our results suggest that the geographic concentration of poor blacks is caused by the residential segregation of African-Americans in urban housing markets. (EXCERPT)

[1]  Greg J. Duncan,et al.  Do Neighborhoods Influence Child and Adolescent Development? , 1993, American Journal of Sociology.

[2]  Guillermina Jasso,et al.  The Panel Study of Income Dynamics: A User's Guide. , 1991 .

[3]  M. Hughes.  MISSPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE "UNDERCLASS" FALLACY* , 1989 .

[4]  T. Schelling.  Micromotives and Macrobehavior , 1978 .

[5]  Douglas S. Massey,et al.  Public housing and the concentration of poverty , 1993 .

[6]  J. Crane.  The Epidemic Theory of Ghettos and Neighborhood Effects on Dropping Out and Teenage Childbearing , 1991, American Journal of Sociology.

[7]  Linda P Datcher.  Effects of Community and Family Background on Achievement , 1982 .

[8]  Sean Becketti,et al.  The Panel Study of Income Dynamics after Fourteen Years: An Evaluation , 1988, Journal of Labor Economics.

[9]  Raymond J. Struyk,et al.  Clear and Convincing Evidence: Measurement of Discrimination in America. , 1994 .

[10]  D. G. Taylor,et al.  Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America , 1987 .

[11]  Douglas S. Massey,et al.  American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. , 1993 .

[12]  Douglas S. Massey,et al.  RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF BLACKS, HISPANICS, AND ASIANS BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND GENERATION , 1988 .

[13]  Harriett Tee Taggart,et al.  Redlining An Assessment of the Evidence of Disinvestment in Metropolitan Boston , 1981 .

[14]  Gary Solon,et al.  Effects of Family and Community Background on Men&Apos;S Economic Status , 1989 .

[15]  W. Wilson.  The truly disadvantaged : the inner city, the underclass, and public policy , 1988 .

[16]  Thomas C. Schelling,et al.  Dynamic models of segregation , 1971 .

[17]  D. Massey,et al.  Segregation, the concentration of poverty, and the life chances of individuals , 1991 .

[18]  Michael C. Dawson,et al.  Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics , 1993, American Political Science Review.

[19]  G. Duncan,et al.  Assessing the Quality of Household Panel Data: The Case of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics , 1989 .

[20]  Ronald E. Wienk.  Measuring Racial Discrimination in American Housing Markets: The Housing Market Practices Survey. , 1979 .

[21]  E. Gramlich,et al.  Moving into and out of poor urban areas , 1992 .

[22]  Martha S. Hill,et al.  The Panel Study of Income Dynamics: A User's Guide , 1991 .

[23]  R. Nathan,et al.  Four Perspectives on Urban Hardship , 1989 .

[24]  Douglas S. Massey,et al.  Trends in the residential segregation of blacks Hispanics and Asians: 1970-1980. , 1987 .

[25]  D. Massey,et al.  The Ecology of Inequality: Minorities and the Concentration of Poverty, 1970-1980 , 1990, American Journal of Sociology.

[26]  G. Squires,et al.  Insurance Redlining, Agency Location, and the Process of Urban Disinvestment , 1991 .