Betriebliche Determinanten von Teilzeitarbeit, Mini- und Midi-Jobs; Eine theoretische und empirische Analyse mit niedersächsischen Betriebsdaten

The paper analyzes the determinants of part-time employment, mini- and midi-jobs in Germany. Theory implies that all three employment types could be used as instruments of flexibility to react flexibly to demand shocks. But the empirical analysis shows that only mini- and midi-jobs are significantly correlated with the demand shock and that they are used as working time flexibility instead of a peripheral workforce. A restraint for working hours reductions are quasi-fixed employment costs so that firms with a higher share of qualified employees in their workforce make less use of such a reduction. Overall the empirical findings suggest that working time preferences of the employees are a key factor. Furthermore, mini- and midi-jobs are used more likely and intense if there are no representations of employees interests.

[1]  C. Pfeifer.  Flexibility, Dual Labour Markets, and Temporary Employment. Empirical Evidence from German Establishment Data , 2005 .

[2]  Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger,et al.  Recent Developments in Part-Time Work in Eu-15 Countries: Trends and Policy , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[3]  A. Schäfer,et al.  Teilzeitbeschäftigung als Arbeitsmarktchance , 2005 .

[4]  James B. Rebitzer,et al.  Work Incentives and the Demand for Primary and Contingent Labor , 1991 .

[5]  Peter Cappelli,et al.  External Churning and Internal Flexibility: Evidence on the Functional Flexibility and Core-Periphery Hypotheses , 2004 .

[6]  Katharina Wrohlich,et al.  Work Incentives and Labor Supply Effects of the ‘Mini-Jobs Reform’ in Germany , 2005 .

[7]  R. Euwals,et al.  Explaining the Growth of Part-Time Employment: Factors of Supply and Demand , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[8]  Leslie E. Papke,et al.  Econometric Methods for Fractional Response Variables with an Application to 401(K) Plan Participation Rates , 1993 .

[9]  Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger,et al.  Part-Time Work in EU Countries: Labour Market Mobility, Entry and Exit , 2005, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[10]  Patrick A. Puhani,et al.  The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique - A Short Survey , 2000 .

[11]  J. Heckman.  Sample selection bias as a specification error , 1979 .

[12]  Peter E. Kennedy,et al.  A Guide to Econometrics, 5th Edition , 2003 .

[13]  H. Rudolph.  Mini- und Midi-Jobs: Geringfügige Beschäftigung im neuen Outfit , 2003 .

[14]  A. Kalleberg.  Organizing Flexibility: The Flexible Firm in a New Century , 2001 .

[15]  James B. Rebitzer,et al.  A Model of Dual Labor Markets When Product Demand Is Uncertain , 1991 .

[16]  Anne E. Polivka.  Contingent and Alternative Work Arrangements, Defined. , 1996 .

[17]  Wolfgang Meyer,et al.  The Hannover Firm Panel (HFP) , 2003, Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch.

[18]  Marno Verbeek,et al.  A Guide to Modern Econometrics , 2000 .

[19]  I. Zeytinoglu.  Reasons for Hiring Part‐Time Workers , 1992 .

[20]  J. Merz,et al.  Working Hour Arrangements and Working Hours - a Microeconometric Analysis Based on German Time Use Diary Data , 2003, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[21]  G. Saint‐Paul.  Dual Labor Markets: A Macroeconomic Perspective , 1997 .

[22]  B. Uzzi,et al.  Contingent Employment in British Establishments: Organizational Determinants of the Use of Fixed-term Hires and Part-time Workers , 1998 .

[23]  Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger,et al.  The Determinants of Part-Time Work in EU Countries: Empirical Investigations with Macro-Panel Data , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[24]  R. Ehrenberg,et al.  Part-time Employment in the United States , 1988 .

[25]  Walter Y. Oi,et al.  Labor as a Quasi-Fixed Factor , 1962, Journal of Political Economy.

[26]  Norbert Berthold,et al.  Betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit - Gratwanderung zwischen Tarifbruch und Tariftreue , 2003 .

[27]  H. Theil.  Introduction to econometrics , 1978 .

[28]  Chris Tilly.  Dualism in Part‐Time Employment , 1992 .

[29]  Mark Montgomery.  On the Determinants of Employer Demand for Part-Time Workers , 1988 .