Measuring Event Quality, Satisfaction, and Intent to Return at an International Sport Event: The ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to examine event quality, satisfaction, and intent to return of spectators attending an international sport event. A modified version of the Scale of Event Quality in Spectator Sports (SEQSS) was used in the current study. We added an additional dimension, parking, that was not included on the SEQSS. Skill, operating times, information, valence, and design explained 58.4% of the variance in satisfaction for spectators attending the event. Of this total, more than 30% of this variance was explained by valence. The results also revealed a significant correlation between parking and satisfaction and the fit of the overall model for event quality was good. The study advances the literature on event quality as applied to sport events, provides further development and refinement for measuring event quality, as well as providing a standardized way to measure event quality within multiple types of sport events.

[1]  C. Grönroos A Service Quality Model and its Marketing Implications , 1984 .

[2]  R. Rust,et al.  Return on Quality (ROQ): Making Service Quality Financially Accountable , 1995 .

[3]  C. Fornell,et al.  The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings , 1996 .

[4]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. , 1988 .

[5]  Nikolaos Tsigilis,et al.  Predicting spectators’ behavioural intentions in professional football: The role of satisfaction and service quality , 2013 .

[6]  C. Fornell A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience , 1992 .

[7]  Soo K. Kang,et al.  A quality–Value–Attitude Model , 2016 .

[8]  Khairul Anuar Mohammad Shah,et al.  The impact of event quality on fan satisfaction and game attendance in the context of professional soccer in Iran , 2014 .

[9]  Gilbert A. Churchill,et al.  Improving the measurement of service quality , 1993 .

[10]  P. Chelladurai,et al.  Targets and Standards of Quality in Sport Services , 2000 .

[11]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Encounter Satisfaction versus Overall Satisfaction versus Quality: The Customer's Voice , 1994 .

[12]  C. Hall,et al.  The definition and analysis of hallmark tourist events , 1989 .

[13]  David J. Shonk,et al.  Model of service quality in event sport tourism: development of a scale , 2009 .

[14]  Marla Royne Stafford,et al.  Determinants of service quality and satisfaction in the auto casualty claims process , 1998 .

[15]  K. Bollen,et al.  Are gestational age, birth weight, and birth length indicators of favorable fetal growth conditions? A structural equation analysis of Filipino infants , 2013, Statistics in medicine.

[16]  J. Crompton,et al.  Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions , 2000 .

[17]  S. Bell,et al.  Customer relationship dynamics: Service quality and customer loyalty in the context of varying levels of customer expertise and switching costs , 2005 .

[18]  N. Jin,et al.  The Effect of Experience Quality on Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Image and Behavioral Intention of Water Park Patrons: New versus Repeat Visitors , 2015 .

[19]  Joanne Jung-Eun Yoo,et al.  Event management & event tourism , 2007 .

[20]  Donna L. Pastore,et al.  Current issues and conceptualizations of service quality in the recreation sport industry. , 2004 .

[21]  C. Fornell A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience: , 1992 .

[22]  Biwako Seikei Sport Customer Satisfaction With Game and Service Experiences : Antecedents and Consequences , 2010 .

[23]  Y. Ko,et al.  A mediating role of destination image in the relationship between event quality, perceived value, and behavioral intention , 2013 .

[24]  David J. Shonk,et al.  Development of a conceptual model in international sport tourism: exploring pre- and post-consumption factors. , 2016 .

[25]  J. J. Cronin,et al.  Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments , 2000 .

[26]  Michel Laroche,et al.  Service Quality Perceptions and Customer Satisfaction: Evaluating the Role of Culture , 2004 .

[27]  W. Balzer,et al.  ISSUES AND STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING THE LENGTH OF SELF‐REPORT SCALES , 2002 .

[28]  R. Hurley,et al.  Alternative indexes for monitoring customer perceptions of service quality: A comparative evaluation in a retail context , 1998 .

[29]  N. Jin,et al.  Event Quality, Perceived Value, Destination Image, and Behavioral Intention of Sports Events: The Case of the IAAF World Championship, Daegu, 2011 , 2013 .

[30]  David J. Shonk,et al.  Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Intent to Return in Event Sport Tourism , 2008 .

[31]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  Delivering quality service : balancing customer perceptions and expectations , 1990 .

[32]  Steven A. Taylor,et al.  Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension , 1992 .

[33]  J. J. Cronin,et al.  Some New Thoughts on Conceptualizing Perceived Service Quality: A Hierarchical Approach , 2001 .

[34]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[35]  R. Oliver A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions , 1980 .

[36]  J. Kandampully Service quality to service loyalty: A relationship which goes beyond customer services , 1998 .

[37]  Martin Wetzels,et al.  Response Rate and Response Quality of Internet-Based Surveys: An Experimental Study , 2004 .

[38]  Jason D. Reese,et al.  Price tiers as antecedents of event quality in the sport industry , 2013 .

[39]  Y. Ko,et al.  Assessment of event quality in major spectator sports , 2011 .

[40]  Kirk L. Wakefield,et al.  The effect of the servicescape on customers’ behavioral intentions in leisure service settings , 1996 .

[41]  S. Jang,et al.  The Effects of Quality and Satisfaction on Awareness and Behavioral Intentions: Exploring the Role of a Wine Festival , 2008 .

[42]  R. Rust,et al.  Service Quality: Insights and Managerial Implications from the Frontier , 1994 .

[43]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  More on improving service quality measurement , 1993 .

[44]  Heather Gibson,et al.  Small-scale event sport tourism: fans as tourists , 2003 .

[45]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[46]  S. Kelley,et al.  Consumer perceptions of service quality attributes at sporting events , 2001 .

[47]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research , 1985 .

[48]  Min Kil Kim,et al.  The role of involvement and identification on event quality perceptions and satisfaction , 2010 .

[49]  K. W. Miller,et al.  The feasibility of a street-intercept survey method in an African-American community. , 1997, American journal of public health.

[50]  James R. Van Scotter,et al.  Linking Perceived Quality and Customer Satisfaction to Store Traffic and Revenue Growth , 2004, Decis. Sci..

[51]  Event Quality Versus Event Quantity: An Evaluation of Fishing Experiences , 2013 .

[52]  Masayuki Yoshida,et al.  Service quality at sporting events: Is aesthetic quality a missing dimension? , 2011 .

[53]  Jin-Soo Lee,et al.  Developing and validating a multidimensional quality scale for mega-events. , 2014 .

[54]  Jos van Iwaarden,et al.  Service improvement in a sports environment: A study of spectator attendance , 2005 .

[55]  Y. Ko,et al.  The influence of event quality on revisit intention: Gender difference and segmentation strategy , 2013 .