Hierarchische Modellierung und Regelung hybrider Systeme auf zwei Ebenen

Zusammenfassung Während hybride dynamische Modelle zur Behandlung von Systemen mit heterogener Dynamik mittlerweile relativ etabliert sind, beschränkt sich die überwiegende Mehrzahl von Ansätzen zur Auslegung und Analyse hybrider Systeme auf monolithische Modelle ohne Hierarchie. Dieser Beitrag zeigt zunächst auf, wie sich modulare hybride Systeme mit zwei Entscheidungsebenen, die z. B. zur Darstellung von Fertigungsprozessen geeignet sind, systematisch modellieren lassen. Der zweite Teil stellt eine Methodik vor, mit der sich ereignisdiskrete Stellgrößen (als koordinierende Steuerung) und kontinuierliche Eingänge (im Sinne eingebetteter Regelungen) kombiniert festlegen lassen. Die Methodik benutzt einen Ansatz der kostenbasierten Graphensuche auf der oberen Entscheidungsebene sowie Prinzipien der prädiktiven Regelung auf der unteren. Die Vorgehensweise wird anhand eines Fertigungsprozesses illustriert. Abstract While hybrid dynamic models are, to a certain degree, established for modeling systems with heterogeneous dynamics, most approaches for design and analysis of hybrid systems are restricted to monolithic models without hierarchy. This contribution first shows, how modular hybrid systems with two layers of decision, as appropriate for representing manufacturing systems for example, can be modeled systematically. The second part proposes a technique for fixing discrete inputs (for coordinating control) and continuous inputs (for embedded continuous controllers) in combination. The method uses a graph-based search on the upper decision layer, while principles of predictive control are used on the lower layer. The procedure of modeling and control is illustrated for a manufacturing process.

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