Fine Position Estimation of a Myocardium Phantom Using a UWB Radar

Heart surgeries, such as cardiac ablations, require an extremely accurate estimate of the location of the myocardium in millimeters. This paper develops the use of a UWB radar system to track the position of the myocardium in real time. We construct a phantom to simulate the dielectric propagation path from the precordium to the myocardium which includes an obstacle to simulate the chest wall and a motion stage to simulate cardiac motion. We use a commercially available radar system operating in the 6–10 GHz frequency range, however, this large bandwidth is still inadequate. Therefore, we utilize the high available sampling rate to interpolate, using the Gaussian transmitted signal, to obtain finer resolution. We test our approach by tracking the phantom position with the motion stage simulating sinusoidal and chirp movements. The results show that the radar system can provide adequate resolution to track a cardiac wall phantom. The next paper will report the experiments on a live cardiac wall with ethics approval.

[1]  Andrea Massa,et al.  Guest Editorial: Special Cluster on Microwave Medical Imaging , 2012 .

[2]  Foroohar Foroozan.  Active array target localization using time reversal signal processing , 2011 .

[3]  L. Jofre,et al.  Active microwave imaging of inhomogeneous bodies , 1985 .

[4]  D. Corfield,et al.  Microwave Tomography for Brain Imaging: Feasibility Assessment for Stroke Detection , 2008 .

[5]  K. Foster,et al.  Dielectric properties of tissues and biological materials: a critical review. , 1989, Critical reviews in biomedical engineering.

[6]  Jiguang Sun,et al.  Through-Wall Detection of Human Being's Movement by UWB Radar , 2012, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[7]  X. Li,et al.  Confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: localization of tumors in three dimensions , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[8]  F Thiel,et al.  Non-contact detection of myocardium's mechanical activity by ultrawideband RF-radar and interpretation applying electrocardiography. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[9]  I.I. Immoreev,et al.  Ultra wideband radar systems: advantages and disadvantages , 2002, 2002 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies (IEEE Cat. No.02EX580).

[10]  James C. Lin,et al.  Microwave sensing of physiological movement and volume change: a review. , 1992, Bioelectromagnetics.

[11]  Mustafa Kurt,et al.  Left Atrial Function in Diastolic Heart Failure , 2009, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[12]  C. Fowler,et al.  Assessment of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology , 1990, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[13]  R.J. Fontana,et al.  Recent system applications of short-pulse ultra-wideband (UWB) technology , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[14]  Tor Sverre Lande,et al.  CTBV Integrated Impulse Radio Design for Biomedical Applications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[15]  C Gabriel,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[16]  R.J. Fontana,et al.  Ultra-wideband precision asset location system , 2002, 2002 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies (IEEE Cat. No.02EX580).

[17]  R. W. Lau,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[18]  H. Brody.  Medical imaging , 2013, Nature.

[19]  Frédo Durand,et al.  Detecting Pulse from Head Motions in Video , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[20]  R. W. Lau,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[21]  Xiaodong Yang,et al.  Hybrid Example-Based Single Image Super-Resolution , 2015, ISVC.

[22]  Sung Ho Cho,et al.  A Detailed Algorithm for Vital Sign Monitoring of a Stationary/Non-Stationary Human through IR-UWB Radar , 2017, Sensors.

[23]  Tor Sverre Lande,et al.  A 118-mW Pulse-Based Radar SoC in 55-nm CMOS for Non-Contact Human Vital Signs Detection , 2017, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[24]  Stephen J. Huang,et al.  Appreciating the Strengths and Weaknesses of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Hemodynamic Assessments , 2012, Cardiology research and practice.

[25]  David Girbau,et al.  ANALYSIS OF VITAL SIGNS MONITORING USING AN IR-UWB RADAR , 2010 .

[26]  F. Seifert,et al.  Noninvasive probing of the human body with electromagnetic pulses: Modeling of the signal path , 2009 .

[27]  Matthias Gutberlet,et al.  First clinical experience in man with the IMRICOR-MR-EP system:Electrophysiology study guided by real-time MRI , 2012, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[28]  Namdar Saniei,et al.  A new wavelet based algorithm for estimating respiratory motion rate using UWB radar , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering.

[29]  Mihaela Pop,et al.  Real‐time MRI guidance of cardiac interventions , 2017, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[30]  L. Jofre,et al.  Microwave Diffraction Tomography for Biomedical Applications , 1982 .

[31]  J. Langberg,et al.  Radiation Exposure During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Accessory Atrioventricular Connections , 1991, Circulation.

[32]  P. Cochat,et al.  Et al , 2008, Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.

[33]  H. Levine.  Medical Imaging , 2010, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[34]  David D. Wentzloff,et al.  Recent advances in IR-UWB transceivers: An overview , 2010, Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[35]  Zisis I. Petrou,et al.  Super-Resolved Fine-Scale Sea Ice Motion Tracking , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.