diagno-Interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie der tief infiltrierenden Endometriose Interdisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis

Endometriose ist die zweithäufigste benigne Erkrankung des weiblichen Genitales nach der Leiomyomatose. In diesem Artikel wird die Therapie der tief infiltrierenden Endometriose unter dem Aspekt der Interdisziplinarität veranschaulicht. Endometriose wird definiert durch die Anwesenheit von Endometriumdrüsen und endometrialem Stroma außerhalb des inneren Epithels des Cavum uteri. Dadurch kann die Endometriose eine Reihe von ganz unterschiedlichen Symptomen verursachen. Hierzu gehören: chronische Unterbauchschmerzen, Dysmenorrhö, Dyspareunie, Subfertilität, unspezifische Unterbauchschmerzen, zyklische Darmoder Blasensymptome (z.B. Dyschezie, Meteorismus, Obstipation, rektaler Blutabgang, Diarrhöen, Hämaturie), Blutungsstörungen oder chronische Müdigkeit. Etwa 50% aller weiblicher Jugendlicher und bis zu 32% aller Frauen im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, die aufgrund chronischer Unterbauchschmerzen oder Dysmenorrhö operiert werden, leiden an Endometriose. Das Zeitintervall zwischen den ersten unspezifischen Symptomen und der festen Diagnose beträgt bei der Endometriose etwa 7 Jahre. Hierfür ist nicht nur die ganz unspezifische Symptomatik verantwortlich, sondern vor allem auch die häufig fehlende Sensibilisierung der kooperierenden Fachdisziplinen, an die sich die Patientinnen im Erstkontakt wenden. Da die Pathogenese der Endometriose noch nicht eindeutig verstanden ist, ist eine kausale Therapie bisher nach wie vor nicht möglich. Die Therapieoptionen beinhalten: abwartendes Verhalten, Analgesie, hormonelle Therapie, operative Intervention und die Kombination aus Operation und medikamentöser Therapie. Die für jede individuelle Patientin richtige Therapieentscheidung setzt sich vor allem aus dem Leidensdruck und dem Kinderwunsch zusammen und sollte so radikal wie nötig und so minimal wie möglich erfolgen. Abstract !

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