Mechanical, electrochemical and biocompatibility evaluation of AZ91D magnesium alloy as a biomaterial

Abstract In this study, the effect of manufacturing conditions (i.e. compaction pressure, sintering temperature and time) on physical, mechanical and electrochemical properties of Mg alloy discs were investigated. The main motivation of this study was to achieve the manufacturing of porous and micro-surface textured Mg-based biomedical implants with good mechanical and electrochemical properties. A Box-Behnken and Full Factorial experimental design was used in experimental investigations. Relative densities of the fabricated plates varied from 69.7 ± 1% to 81.5 ± 4%. According to ANOVA (Analysis of variances) test, manufacturing conditions, except the compaction pressure level, did not affect the relative density significantly. The bending strength of the fabricated plates was in the range of 30.3 ± 2 MPa and 53.7 ± 1 MPa. Compaction pressure led to an increase in the bending strength while sintering temperature and time decreased it. Electrochemical tests were conducted using Hank’s solution, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) + DMEM. The lowest and the highest corrosion potentials were measured in Hank’s and 10% FBS + DMEM solutions, respectively. Pitting corrosion was detected on the surface of Mg alloy discs. The discs with smooth surfaces showed lower corrosion resistance than the discs with porous and micro-textured surfaces in the presence of FBS. It was concluded that the manufacturing of porous and micro-surface textured Mg-based biomedical implant using powder forming process was feasible due to the convenience of mass scale near net shape production with sufficient material properties. In addition, the cell culture studies showed that micro texture and roughness on the surface positively affected cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic activity. AZ91D-Mg alloy plates showed good cytocompatibility with high cell proliferation compared to control groups at each incubation time period.

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