Plasma membrane association and resistosome formation of plant helper immune receptors

Significance Plants express diverse intracellular immune receptors that activate defense against pathogen infections. These include “sensor” NLRs (Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich repeat Receptors) that recognize pathogen effectors and “helper” NLRs that act with unequal redundancy downstream of sensor NLRs to transduce recognition into effective immune responses. We report here that helper NLRs employ conserved positively charged residues in their N-terminal signaling domains for phospholipid binding and plasma membrane (PM) association. We demonstrate that effector-induced plant helper NLR oligomers at the PM likely only contain helper NLR molecules.

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