Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: management options and emerging therapies.

No abstract available Keywords: AJCC; American Joint Committee on Cancer; EGFR; HBV; HCC; HCV; IBD; ICC; LN; PSC; VEGF; epidermal growth factor receptor; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; inflammatory bowel disease; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; lymph node; primary sclerosing cholangitits; vascular endothelial growth factor.

[1]  S. Yamasaki.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: macroscopic type and stage classification. , 2003, Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery.

[2]  Joon-Oh Park,et al.  A phase II study of sunitinib as a second-line treatment in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a multicentre, multinational study. , 2012, European journal of cancer.

[3]  D. Smith,et al.  Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer , 2005, British Journal of Cancer.

[4]  P. Malfertheiner,et al.  Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer , 2010, Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[5]  S. Giulini,et al.  Surgical Approach for Long-term Survival of Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 434 Patients. , 2012, Archives of surgery.

[6]  T. Bekaii-Saab,et al.  HER2/neu May Not Be an Interesting Target in Biliary Cancers: Results of an Early Phase II Study with Lapatinib , 2012, Oncology.

[7]  W. Jarnagin,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: resectability, recurrence pattern, and outcomes. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[8]  S. Woo,et al.  Survival Analysis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After Resection , 2010, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[9]  Manal M. Hassan,et al.  Phase II Trial of Cisplatin, Interferon α-2b, Doxorubicin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Biliary Tract Cancer , 2001 .

[10]  N. Gusani,et al.  Treatment of Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma with Gemcitabine-Based Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE): A Single-Institution Experience , 2007, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[11]  Jeffrey W. Clark,et al.  Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.

[12]  S. Kawasaki,et al.  Long-term survival and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of mass-forming type cholangiocarcinoma. , 2000, Surgery.

[13]  F. Eckel,et al.  Chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a pooled analysis of clinical trials , 2007, British Journal of Cancer.

[14]  W. Jochum,et al.  Impact of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography on staging and management of gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. , 2006, Journal of hepatology.

[15]  O. Farges,et al.  Resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a Western experience. , 1999, Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery.

[16]  C. Compton,et al.  The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the Future of TNM , 2010, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[17]  T. Todoroki.  Chemotherapy for bile duct carcinoma in the light of adjuvant chemotherapy to surgery. , 2000, Hepato-Gastroenterology.

[18]  T. Hickish,et al.  Epirubicin, cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (ECF) in hepatobiliary tumours. , 1995, European journal of cancer.

[19]  K. Sung,et al.  Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or chemoinfusion for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2008, Cancer.

[20]  R. Chapman,et al.  Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. , 2000, Liver.

[21]  M. Choti,et al.  Recurrence after operative management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2013, Surgery.

[22]  Myung Ah Lee,et al.  Epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted infusion of 5-FU (ECF) in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2004, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[23]  D. Nagorney,et al.  Role of Major Vascular Resection in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2013, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[24]  T. Gruenberger,et al.  Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: a phase 2 study. , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.

[25]  N. Sasahira,et al.  Multicenter, phase II study of gemcitabine and S-1 combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer , 2010, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

[26]  M. Nagino,et al.  Staging of Peripheral-Type Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Appraisal of the New TNM Classification and its Modifications , 2011, World Journal of Surgery.

[27]  N. Chalasani,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A multicenter case‐control study , 2000, Hepatology.

[28]  M. Monden,et al.  Indications for surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node metastases. , 2008, Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery.

[29]  B. Teh,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma , 2021, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[30]  Y. Sakata,et al.  Hepatic arterial infusion of mitomycin C with degradable starch microspheres for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2008, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[31]  Yun Yen,et al.  A phase II study of lapatinib in patients with advanced biliary tree and hepatocellular cancer , 2009, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

[32]  Shohachi Suzuki,et al.  Clinicopathological prognostic factors and impact of surgical treatment of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2002, World Journal of Surgery.

[33]  K. Takeda,et al.  Arterial chemoinfusion therapy through an implanted port system for patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma--initial experience. , 2002, European journal of radiology.

[34]  M. Choti,et al.  Trends in Survival after Surgery for Cholangiocarcinoma: A 30-Year Population-Based SEER Database Analysis , 2007, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[35]  T. Gruenberger,et al.  Influence of Hepatic Resection Margin on Recurrence and Survival in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2008, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[36]  T. Trarbach,et al.  Operations for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: single-institution experience of 158 patients. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[37]  Gyeong-Won Lee,et al.  Combination Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment for Immunohistochemically Proven Cholangiocarcinoma , 2006, American journal of clinical oncology.

[38]  K. McGlynn,et al.  Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase? , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[39]  C. Johnson,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma: diagnosis and evaluation of resectability by CT and sonography as procedures complementary to cholangiography. , 1988, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[40]  G. Pond,et al.  Expanded phase II trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine for advanced biliary cancer , 2007, Cancer.

[41]  F. Pruvot,et al.  AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2011, Cancer.

[42]  S. Katagiri,et al.  Recurrence after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2001, Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery.

[43]  M. F. Chen,et al.  Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (cholangiocellular carcinoma): Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment , 1999, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[44]  T. Chua,et al.  Clinicopathologic and Treatment-Related Factors Influencing Recurrence and Survival after Hepatic Resection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A 19-Year Experience from an Established Australian Hepatobiliary Unit , 2010, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[45]  H. Honda,et al.  Intrahepatic Peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma: Two‐Phased Dynamic Incremental CT and Pathologic Correlation , 1993, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[46]  J. Lindebjerg,et al.  Phase II marker-driven trial of panitumumab and chemotherapy in KRAS wild-type biliary tract cancer. , 2012, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[47]  T. Kinoshitá,et al.  Surgical Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2008, World Journal of Surgery.

[48]  J. Lee,et al.  Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2003, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[49]  Y. Murakami,et al.  Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 after surgical resection for advanced biliary carcinoma: outcomes and prognostic factors , 2012, Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences.

[50]  P. Metrakos,et al.  Liver transplantation for incidental cholangiocarcinoma: Analysis of the Canadian experience , 2005, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[51]  G. Fiorentini,et al.  Phase II study of hepatic intraarterial epirubicin and cisplatin, with systemic 5‐fluorouracil in patients with unresectable biliary tract tumors , 2005, Cancer.

[52]  S. Thongprasert,et al.  Phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in inoperable biliary tract carcinoma. , 2005, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[53]  D. Klimstra,et al.  Surgical treatment of 32 patients with peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 1998, The British journal of surgery.

[54]  M. Miyazaki,et al.  Gemcitabine alone or in combination with cisplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer: a comparative multicentre study in Japan , 2010, British Journal of Cancer.

[55]  F. Miura,et al.  Aggressive Surgical Resection for Hilar-invasive and Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2003, World Journal of Surgery.

[56]  M. Miyazaki,et al.  Results of surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and clinicopathological factors influencing survival , 2002, The British journal of surgery.

[57]  M. Reiser,et al.  Transarterial Hepatic Yttrium-90 Radioembolization in Patients with Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Factors Associated with Prolonged Survival , 2012, CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.

[58]  K. McGlynn,et al.  Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study. , 2005, Gastroenterology.

[59]  W. Chapman,et al.  Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging in the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma , 2007, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[60]  S. Todo,et al.  Number of Lymph Node Metastases Is a Significant Prognostic Factor in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2005, World Journal of Surgery.

[61]  D. Yoon,et al.  Capecitabine combined with gemcitabine (CapGem) as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced/metastatic biliary tract carcinoma , 2005, Cancer.

[62]  F. Callea,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case–control study in Italy , 2001, Cancer Causes & Control.

[63]  C. Hammill,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a malignancy of increasing importance. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[64]  Manal M. Hassan,et al.  Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma , 2004, Cancer.

[65]  H. Thomas,et al.  Increase in primary liver cancer in the UK, 1979–94 , 1997, The Lancet.

[66]  M. Choti,et al.  A Proposed Staging System for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2008, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[67]  M. Federle,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma: delayed CT contrast enhancement patterns. , 1997, Radiology.

[68]  H. Ojima,et al.  Surgical Outcomes of the Mass-Forming plus Periductal Infiltrating Types of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comparative Study with the Typical Mass-Forming Type of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma , 2007, World Journal of Surgery.

[69]  W. Scheithauer.  Review of gemcitabine in biliary tract carcinoma. , 2002, Seminars in oncology.

[70]  N. Baxter,et al.  Surgical Management of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - A Population-Based Study , 2008, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[71]  M. Miyazaki,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma: Recent progress. Part 1: Epidemiology and etiology , 2002, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[72]  Nandita Mitra,et al.  Radiation therapy is associated with improved survival in the adjuvant and definitive treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[73]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Regional chemotherapy for unresectable primary liver cancer: results of a phase II clinical trial and assessment of DCE-MRI as a biomarker of survival. , 2009, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[74]  T. Kuroishi,et al.  Descriptive epidemiology of subsites of cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas in Japan. , 1990, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[75]  H. Ojima,et al.  Therapeutic value of lymph node dissection during hepatectomy in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma with negative lymph node involvement. , 2009, Surgery.

[76]  G. Morris-Stiff,et al.  CA19-9 antigen levels can distinguish between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease. , 2009, Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT.

[77]  R. Busuttil,et al.  Liver transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma: Analysis of a single‐center experience and review of the literature , 2001, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[78]  G. Benea,et al.  Chemoembolization (TACE) of Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Slow-Release Doxorubicin-Eluting Beads: Preliminary Results , 2008, CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.

[79]  Hao Wang,et al.  Hepatitis B virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma may hold common disease process for carcinogenesis. , 2010, European journal of cancer.

[80]  G. Song,et al.  [Analysis of survival and factors affecting the survival after surgical resection of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: 318 cases in single institute]. , 2007, The Korean journal of hepatology.

[81]  M. Bloomston,et al.  Lymphovascular and perineural invasion as selection criteria for adjuvant therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institution analysis. , 2012, HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.

[82]  I. Endo,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2014, Radiopaedia.org.

[83]  M. Ducreux,et al.  Effective treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinoma using 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion with cisplatin. , 1998, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[84]  J. Figueras,et al.  Spanish Experience in Liver Transplantation for Hilar and Peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma , 2004, Annals of surgery.

[85]  J. Trojan,et al.  Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in patients with advanced biliary system adenocarcinoma: a prospective multicentre phase II trial , 2008, British Journal of Cancer.

[86]  R. Herrmann,et al.  Patient-reported outcomes of patients with advanced biliary tract cancers receiving gemcitabine plus capecitabine: a multicenter, phase II trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[87]  G. Gores,et al.  Liver Transplantation with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation is More Effective than Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma , 2005, Annals of surgery.

[88]  K. Ridwelski,et al.  Outpatient Therapy with Gemcitabine and Docetaxel for Gallbladder, Biliary, and Cholangio-Carcinomas , 2002, Investigational New Drugs.

[89]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  Two Consecutive Phase II Studies of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin/Mitomycin C and of Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Biliary Cancer , 1999, Oncology.

[90]  K. Yeh,et al.  Weekly gemcitabine plus 24-h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the biliary tract , 2004, British Journal of Cancer.

[91]  Å. Danielsson,et al.  Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. , 1996, Gut.

[92]  E. Hatano,et al.  Single-Agent Gemcitabine for Biliary Tract Cancers , 2007, Oncology.

[93]  W. Grigioni,et al.  The Role of Lymphadenectomy for Liver Tumors: Further Considerations on the Appropriateness of Treatment Strategy , 2004, Annals of surgery.

[94]  William DeW. Andrus,et al.  EFFECTS OF CERTAIN OPERATIONS ON THE ESOPHAGUS OF THE DOG: INCLUDING ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION AND COMPLETE ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA , 1930 .

[95]  M. Makuuchi,et al.  Report of the 17th Nationwide Follow‐up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan † , 2007, Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology.

[96]  J. Konishi,et al.  MR imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with pathologic correlation. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[97]  S. Sheen-Chen,et al.  Surgical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. , 1997, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[98]  Myung Ah Lee,et al.  Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[99]  P. Kim,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2011, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[100]  H. Hass,et al.  Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin for advanced biliary system adenocarcinomas: a prospective phase II trial , 2002, British Journal of Cancer.

[101]  P. Philip,et al.  Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[102]  H. Varnholt,et al.  Retrospective analysis of prognostic factors after liver resection and transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma , 2000, The British journal of surgery.

[103]  J. Seo,et al.  Effects of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of pancreatic-biliary tract adenocarcinomas. , 2000, American Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[104]  A. Ruzzenente,et al.  Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Prognostic Factors After Surgical Resection , 2009, World Journal of Surgery.

[105]  M. Ducreux,et al.  Cetuximab plus Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in Patients with Refractory Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas , 2007, Oncology.

[106]  M. Choti,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2019, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[107]  S. Oh,et al.  Single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase II study. , 2005, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[108]  J. Chung,et al.  The Prognosis and Survival Outcome of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Following Surgical Resection: Association of Lymph Node Metastasis and Lymph Node Dissection with Survival , 2009, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[109]  B. Graubard,et al.  Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a population-based case-control study. , 2007, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[110]  Y. Jan,et al.  Clinicopathological Factors Predicting Long-term Overall Survival after Hepatectomy for Peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma , 2005, World Journal of Surgery.

[111]  W. Guo,et al.  Consideration of the Role of Radiotherapy for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 75 Patients , 2006, Cancer journal.

[112]  H. Safran,et al.  Lapatinib/Gemcitabine and Lapatinib/Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin: A Phase I Study for Advanced Pancreaticobiliary Cancer , 2008, American journal of clinical oncology.

[113]  G. Pond,et al.  Combining gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer: a phase II trial. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[114]  M. Choti,et al.  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an international multi-institutional analysis of prognostic factors and lymph node assessment. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[115]  Feng Xie,et al.  Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of 429 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2009, World journal of gastroenterology.

[116]  C. Boni,et al.  Sorafenib in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a phase II trial , 2009, British Journal of Cancer.

[117]  U. Neumann,et al.  Extended Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comparison of the Prognostic Accuracy of the Fifth and Sixth Editions of the TNM Classification , 2009, Annals of surgery.

[118]  E. Schrumpf,et al.  Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis; predictors and consequences of hepatobiliary malignancy. , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[119]  V. Georgoulias,et al.  First-line chemotherapy with docetaxel for unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of the biliary tract. A multicentre phase II study. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[120]  G. Colucci,et al.  Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[121]  M. Choti,et al.  Hepatitis C and hepatitis B nucleic acids are present in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas from the United States. , 2006, Human pathology.

[122]  G. Brandi,et al.  Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Primary Liver Resection and Aggressive Multimodal Treatment of Recurrence Significantly Prolong Survival , 2010, Annals of surgery.

[123]  M. Aljiffry,et al.  Evidence-based approach to cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review of the current literature. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[124]  H. Miyazato,et al.  Analysis of microsatellite instability, K-ras gene mutation and p53 protein overexpression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2002, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[125]  T. Gruenberger,et al.  Lymph node ratio after curative surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2009, The British journal of surgery.

[126]  S. Taylor-Robinson,et al.  Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. , 2008, HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.

[127]  G. Gores,et al.  Diagnostic role of serum CA 19-9 for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. , 1993, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[128]  Jing Xu,et al.  Pathological classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on a new concept. , 2010, World journal of hepatology.

[129]  P. Philip,et al.  Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[130]  M. Malago',et al.  Extended Hepatectomy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (ICC): When Is It Worthwhile? Single Center Experience With 27 Resections in 50 Patients Over a 5-Year Period , 2005, Annals of surgery.

[131]  Charles M. Miller,et al.  Fifteen-year, single-center experience with the surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: operative results and long-term outcome. , 2008, Surgery.

[132]  S. Orloff,et al.  Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: outcomes and predictive factors. , 2011, HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.

[133]  M. Manns,et al.  Phase II study of systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced unresectable hepatobiliary carcinomas. , 2001, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[134]  E. Hatano,et al.  Single-agent gemcitabine for biliary tract cancers. Study outcomes and systematic review of the literature. , 2006, Oncology.

[135]  Steven C Cunningham,et al.  Cholangiocarcinoma: Thirty-one-Year Experience With 564 Patients at a Single Institution , 2007, Annals of surgery.

[136]  T. Patel.  Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States , 2001, Hepatology.

[137]  L. Ellis,et al.  Phase II trial of cisplatin, interferon alpha-2b, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil for biliary tract cancer. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[138]  R. Busuttil,et al.  Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. A 12-year single center experience. , 1997, Annals of surgery.

[139]  B. Choi,et al.  Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings. , 1997, Radiology.

[140]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. , 2004, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[141]  V. Vilgrain,et al.  Utility of staging laparoscopy in subsets of biliary cancers , 2006, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques.

[142]  M. Shimada,et al.  Value of lymph node dissection during resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2001, The British journal of surgery.

[143]  S. Choi,et al.  What prognostic factors are important for resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? , 2008, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[144]  B. Xing,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation in the management of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2012, Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR.

[145]  M. Makuuchi,et al.  A new staging system for mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , 2001, Cancer.

[146]  Hai-rim Shin,et al.  Hepatitis B and C virus, Clonorchis sinensis for the risk of liver cancer: a case-control study in Pusan, Korea. , 1996, International journal of epidemiology.

[147]  C. Tournigand,et al.  Gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma: a GERCOR study. , 2004, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[148]  C. Meyer,et al.  Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients. , 2000, Transplantation.

[149]  M. Ducreux,et al.  Optimization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin combination chemotherapy with a new schedule of leucovorin, 5-FU and cisplatin (LV5FU2-P regimen) in patients with biliary tract carcinoma. , 2002, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[150]  M. Makuuchi,et al.  CT of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: late contrast enhancement in six patients. , 1990, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.