CNN-Applications in Toll Driving

This paper describes a system for the automatic identification of vehicles by the contents of its license plate. The system has been developed over the last five years and is one of the four candidate systems for automatic toll collection in the Netherlands. Due to the extreme time and performance requirements placed on the system, advanced techniques like DT–CNNs and classifier combining are used. The first tests on the road show that the system correctly recognizes 85.4% of the passing vehicles, while marking the remaining 14.6% as unrecognizable.

[1]  Tadashi Nakanishi,et al.  Pc-based car license plate reading , 1994, Electronic Imaging.

[2]  Kenji Kanayama,et al.  Development of vehicle-license number recognition system using real-time image processing and its application to travel-time measurement , 1991, [1991 Proceedings] 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[3]  E.E. Pissaloux,et al.  Image Processing , 1994, Proceedings. Second Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing.

[4]  Ming-Kuei Hu,et al.  Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[5]  Wen-Yu Chen,et al.  PC-based car license plate reader , 1992, Other Conferences.

[6]  S. Abe,et al.  A classifier using fuzzy rules extracted directly from numerical data , 1993, [Proceedings 1993] Second IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems.

[7]  L. Spaanenburg,et al.  Optimizing the morphological design of discrete-time cellular neural networks , 1996, 1996 Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications Proceedings (CNNA-96).

[8]  Lambert Spaanenburg,et al.  Car license plate recognition with neural networks and fuzzy logic , 1995, Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks.

[9]  Hubert Harrer Discrete time cellular neural networks , 1992, Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl..

[10]  L. Spaanenburg,et al.  Efficient DTCNN implementations for large-neighborhood functions , 1998, 1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359).

[11]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Historical review of OCR research and development , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[12]  Masayuki Nakajima,et al.  Method of extracting car number plates by image processing , 1988, Systems and Computers in Japan.

[13]  Jos Nijhuis,et al.  Transformational DT-CNN design from morphological specifications , 1998 .

[14]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation , 1998 .

[15]  William K. Pratt,et al.  Digital image processing (2nd ed.) , 1991 .

[16]  L. Spaanenburg,et al.  Design of discrete-time cellular neural networks based on mathematical morphology , 1996, 1996 Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications Proceedings (CNNA-96).