Brain metabolism in autism. Resting cerebral glucose utilization rates as measured with positron emission tomography.

The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was studied in ten men (mean age = 26 years) with well-documented histories of infantile autism and in 15 age-matched normal male controls using positron emission tomography and (F-18) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Positron emission tomography was completed during rest, with reduced visual and auditory stimulation. While the autistic group as a whole showed significantly elevated glucose utilization in widespread regions of the brain, there was considerable overlap between the two groups. No brain region showed a reduced metabolic rate in the autistic group. Significantly more autistic, as compared with control, subjects showed extreme relative metabolic rates (ratios of regional metabolic rates to whole brain rates and asymmetries) in one or more brain regions.

[1]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Disturbance of oxidative metabolism of glucose in recent human cerebral infarcts , 1983, Annals of neurology.

[2]  N. Foster,et al.  Alzheimer's disease , 1983, Neurology.

[3]  A. Wolf,et al.  A shielded synthesis system for production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose. , 1981, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[4]  A. C. Eycleshymer,et al.  A cross-section anatomy , 1970 .

[5]  M. Rutter.  Autistic children: infancy to adulthood. , 1970, Seminars in psychiatry.

[6]  L. Kanner,et al.  How far can autistic children go in matters of social adaptation? , 1972, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[7]  L. Sokoloff,et al.  Human brain glucose utilization and cognitive function in relation to age , 1984, Annals of neurology.

[8]  B Horwitz,et al.  Intercorrelations of Glucose Metabolic Rates between Brain Regions: Application to Healthy Males in a State of Reduced Sensory Input , 1984, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[9]  E. Hoffman,et al.  Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F‐18)2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose: Validation of method , 1979, Annals of neurology.

[10]  C. Grady,et al.  Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism. , 1983, Science.

[11]  R A Margolin,et al.  Cerebral glucose utilization, as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years. , 1983, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[12]  B. Shaywitz,et al.  Computed tomographic brain scanning in children with developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. , 1981, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry.

[13]  S. Stahl,et al.  Hyperserotonemia and amine metabolites in autistic and retarded children. , 1977, Archives of general psychiatry.

[14]  P. Scheinberg,et al.  Effects of aging on cerebral circulation and metabolism. , 1953, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[15]  A. George,et al.  Computerized axial tomography in young autistic children. , 1982, The American journal of psychiatry.

[16]  E. Hoffman,et al.  Noninvasive determination of local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in man. , 1980, The American journal of physiology.

[17]  M. Coleman.  Studies of the autistic syndromes. , 1979, Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.

[18]  N. Rosman,et al.  Pneumographic findings in the infantile autism syndrome. A correlation with temporal lobe disease. , 1975, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[19]  R. S. Williams,et al.  Autism and mental retardation: neuropathologic studies performed in four retarded persons with autistic behavior. , 1980, Archives of neurology.

[20]  J. Darby.  Neuropathologic aspects of psychosis in children , 1976, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[21]  L. Wing,et al.  Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: Epidemiology and classification , 1979, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[22]  J. Rapoport,et al.  Minor physical anomalies in normal, neurotic, learning disabled, and severely disturbed children , 1975, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[23]  S. Kety.  Circulation and metabolism of the human brain in health and disease. , 1950, The American journal of medicine.

[24]  Michael E. Phelps,et al.  Effects of stroke on local cerebral metabolism and perfusion: Mapping by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3 , 1980, Annals of neurology.

[25]  J C Mazziotta,et al.  Quantitation in Positron Emission Computed Tomography: 5. Physical–Anatomical Effects , 1981, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[26]  E. Hoffman,et al.  Quantitation in Positron Emission Computed Tomography: 1. Effect of Object Size , 1979, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[27]  H. A. Walker.  A dermatoglyphic study of autistic patients , 1977, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[28]  J. Haxby,et al.  Brain Imaging: Aging and Dementia , 1984 .

[29]  B. J. Winer.  Statistical Principles in Experimental Design , 1992 .

[30]  H A Walker,et al.  Incidence of minor physical anomaly in autism , 1977, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[31]  Michael E. Phelps,et al.  Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism , 1981, Neurology.

[32]  M. Rutter,et al.  A five- to fifteen-year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. IV. Patterns of cognitive ability. , 1970, The British journal of social and clinical psychology.