A Strategic Framework for the Design of Recycling Networks for Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles

In this paper, we develop a strategic framework for the design of recycling networks for spent lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. The framework provides an overview of possible configuration alternatives and an integrated approach for network planning and process configuration tasks. It describes requirements on a network as well as on a process level. For that purpose, we analyse general framework conditions concerning battery return, materials, and recycling processes. On that basis, it is possible to develop a mathematical optimisation model which enables decision support concerning the optimal evolvement of recycling sites, capacities, and processes over time.