Pengurusan fiskal kerajaan negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia:analisis autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)

Peningkatan saiz defisit fiskal dan hutang kerajaan negeri telah membangkitkan motivasi untuk mengkaji penyebab ketakseimbangan fiskal tersebut agar pelarasan dan pengukuhan fiskal dapat dilakukan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kointegrasi (hubungan jangka panjang) dan arah hubungan sebab-menyebab antara hasil dengan belanja mengikut kerajaan negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia dengan menggunakan data agregat dan mengikut komponen utama hasil dan belanja. Model autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) telah digunakan untuk melihat hubungan kointegrasi dan arah sebab-menyebab antara hasil-belanja. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan di kebanyakan kerajaan negeri, kerajaan merangka kutipan hasil terlebih dahulu sebelum membuat keputusan perbelanjaan dalam jangka panjang. Penemuan kajian ini menyokong hipotesis hasil-belanja (revenue-spend hypothesis), yang mana kutipan hasil ditentukan terlebih dahulu sebelum belanja ditentukan. Di samping itu, komponen belanja mengurus juga dilihat lebih cenderung dipengaruhi oleh hasil (secara agregat mahupun komponen) berbanding komponen belanja pembangunan. Implikasi dasar daripada kajian ini menjelaskan pemahaman hubungan antara hasil dengan belanja adalah amat penting kepada kerajaan negeri untuk mengawal defisit fiskal daripada berpanjangan dan membolehkan kerajaan mengekalkan pencapaian belanjawan sasaran.

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