Excess electricity diagrams and the integration of renewable energy

This article presents a methodology of showing the rate of integration of specific renewable energy sources (RESs) into the electricity supply system. The methodology is used on large-scale integration of wind, photo voltaic and wave power into a future Danish reference energy system. The possibility of integrating RES into the electricity supply is expressed in terms of the ability to avoid excess electricity production. The different sources are analysed in the range of an electricity production from 0 to 100% of the electricity demand. The excess production is found from detailed energy system analyses on the computer model EnergyPLAN. The analyses have taken into account that certain ancillary services are needed in order to secure the electricity supply system. The conclusion is that different patterns of each of the RES can be shown in terms of excess electricity diagrams. Such diagrams do not differ from one year to another, but do differ from one RES to another.

[1]  Frede Hvelplund,et al.  Rebuilding without restructuring the energy system in east Germany , 1998 .

[2]  N. Wohlgemuth,et al.  Power sector reform and distributed generation in sub-Saharan Africa , 2001 .

[3]  Neil Strachan,et al.  Distributed generation and distribution utilities , 2002 .

[4]  Lotte Holmberg Rasmussen,et al.  A sustainable energy-system in Latvia , 2003 .

[5]  Neven Duić,et al.  Potential of Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism in transfer of clean energy technologies to Small Island Developing States: case study of Cape Verde , 2003 .

[6]  P. A. Østergaard.  Transmission-grid requirements with scattered and fluctuating renewable electricity-sources , 2003 .

[7]  Dagnija Blumberga,et al.  District heating and market economy in Latvia , 1999 .

[8]  N. Meyer.  European schemes for promoting renewables in liberalised markets , 2003 .

[9]  Woodrow W. Clark,et al.  Management of fluctuations in wind power and CHP comparing two possible Danish strategies , 2002 .

[10]  J. R. McDonald,et al.  Opportunities and risks for distributed generation in the context of liberalised energy markets , 2003 .

[11]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Management of surplus electricity-production from a fluctuating renewable-energy source , 2003 .

[12]  Henrik Lund,et al.  EnergyPlan: computer model for energy system analysis: version 6 , 2004 .

[13]  Juliann Emmons Allison,et al.  Encouraging distributed generation of power that improves air quality: can we have our cake and eat it too? , 2002 .

[14]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Estonian energy system Proposals for the implementation of a cogeneration strategy , 2000 .

[15]  A. Odubiyi,et al.  Distributed generation in Nigeria's new energy industry , 2003 .

[16]  David Toke,et al.  Policy Network Creation: The Case of Energy Efficiency , 2000 .

[17]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Biogas plants in Denmark : technological and economic developments , 1999 .

[18]  Rodrigo Picos,et al.  State of the art of the virtual utility: the smart distributed generation network , 2004 .

[19]  Richard L. Ottinger,et al.  Compendium of Sustainable Energy Laws: Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the Promotion of Electricity Produced from Renewable Energy Sources in the Internal Electricity Market , 2005 .

[20]  Jan F. Kreider,et al.  Recent Developments in the Control of Distributed Electrical Generation Systems , 2003 .

[21]  Lennart Söder,et al.  Distributed generation : a definition , 2001 .

[22]  B. Hedman,et al.  Creating markets for combined heat and power and clean distributed generation in New York State. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[23]  Atsushi Akisawa,et al.  Modelling the adoption of industrial cogeneration in Japan using manufacturing plant survey data , 2003 .

[24]  Christoph Haederli,et al.  Network integration of distributed power generation , 2002 .

[25]  Sukumar Brahma,et al.  Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation , 2004 .

[26]  M. T. Elhagry,et al.  Hybrid PV/fuel cell system design and simulation , 2002 .

[27]  Poul Alberg Østergaard,et al.  Electric grid and heat planning scenarios with centralised and distributed sources of conventional, CHP and wind generation , 2000 .

[28]  Mark C. Williams,et al.  U.S. distributed generation fuel cell program , 2004 .

[29]  Frede Hvelplund,et al.  Renewable energy governance systems , 2001 .

[30]  Steve Blankinship.  Distributed generation: DGenie is out of the Bottle , 2003 .

[31]  Henrik Lund,et al.  Modelling of energy systems with a high percentage of CHP and wind power , 2003 .