Thermoelectric Energy Conversion of p–Ca3Co4O9/n–CaMnO3 Module

Abstract A TE module based on low-temperature difference (Δ T ) of 12 pairs of p -Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 / n -CaMnO 3 ( p -CCO/ n -CMO) legs with novelty dimensions of 0.5 × 5 × 3 mm 3 was fabricated using low cost of Cu electrodes and ceramic substrates. With a hot-side temperature of the module at 473 K and Δ T of 200 K in air with load resistance of 0.1−0.75 kΩ, the module generated up to an output voltage ( V out ) of 0.8 V, output current ( I out ) of 2.46 mA, maximum output power ( P out ) of 1.98 mW and maximum conversion efficiency ( η ) of 0.15%.