OF-FL: QoS-aware fuzzy logic objective function for the RPL routing protocol

Low power and lossy networks (LLNs) require efficient routing protocols that should meet the requirements of the critical applications, such as real-time, reliability and high availability. RPL has been recently proposed by the ROLL working group as a tree routing protocol specifically designed for LLNs. It relies on objective functions to construct routes that optimize or constrain a routing metric on the paths. However, the working group did not specify the set of metrics and/or constraints to be used to specify the preferred path, and left it open to implementations. In this paper, we design OF-FL, a novel objective function that combines a set of metrics in order to provide a configurable routing decision based on the fuzzy parameters. OF-FL has the advantage to consider the application requirements in order to select the best paths to the destination. Our evaluation with a large-scale testbed in ContikiOS reveals that OF-FL can achieve remarkable performance of the RPL-based LLNs in comparison with the existing objective functions, and appropriately satisfy the quality of service contract of the different applications.

[1]  Bhaskar Krishnamachari,et al.  Routing without routes: the backpressure collection protocol , 2010, IPSN '10.

[2]  Olivier Festor,et al.  Energy-based routing metric for RPL , 2013 .

[3]  Theodore B. Zahariadis,et al.  Design of primary and composite routing metrics for RPL-compliant Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Telecommunications and Multimedia (TEMU).

[4]  George C. Oikonomou,et al.  Stateless multicast forwarding with RPL in 6LowPAN sensor networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops.

[5]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  MAC-aware routing metrics for low power and lossy networks , 2013, INFOCOM Workshops.

[6]  Michio Sugeno,et al.  Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[7]  Philip Levis,et al.  RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks , 2012, RFC.

[8]  Romano Fantacci,et al.  ns-3 RPL module: IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks , 2012, SimuTools.

[9]  Thomas Clausen,et al.  Comparative study of RPL-enabled optimized broadcast in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

[10]  Mohamed Abid,et al.  Simulation and performance evaluation of DAG construction with RPL , 2012, Third International Conference on Communications and Networking.

[11]  Dominique Barthel,et al.  Routing Metrics Used for Path Calculation in Low-Power and Lossy Networks , 2012, RFC.

[12]  Anis Koubaa,et al.  F-LQE: A Fuzzy Link Quality Estimator for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, EWSN.

[13]  Rafael L. Gomes,et al.  Using fuzzy link cost and dynamic choice of link quality metrics to achieve QoS and QoE in wireless mesh networks , 2011, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[14]  P. Levis,et al.  The ETX Objective Function for RPL , 2010 .

[15]  Mischa Dohler,et al.  A Security Framework for Routing over Low Power and Lossy Networks , 2012 .

[16]  Thomas H. Clausen,et al.  Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast in RPL , 2010, 2010 13th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems.

[17]  Tim Winter,et al.  Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and Lossy Networks , 2009, RFC.

[18]  Lillian L. Dai,et al.  RPL under mobility , 2012, 2012 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[19]  Anis Koubaa,et al.  Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks , 2012, ACM Trans. Sens. Networks.

[20]  Pedro José Marrón,et al.  Intelligent role-based routing for dense wireless sensor networks , 2010, WMNC2010.

[21]  Anis Koubaa,et al.  RPL in a nutshell: A survey , 2012, Comput. Networks.

[22]  James A. Brule.  Fuzzy Systems: A Tutorial , 1985 .

[23]  Agnieszka Brachman.  RPL Objective Function Impact on LLNs Topology and Performance , 2013, NEW2AN.

[24]  Levente Buttyán,et al.  VeRA - Version Number and Rank Authentication in RPL , 2011, 2011 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[25]  Anis Koubaa,et al.  A comparative simulation study of link quality estimators in wireless sensor networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis & Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.

[26]  Leila Ben Saad,et al.  Simulation of the RPL Routing Protocol for IPv6 Sensor Networks: two cases studies , 2011 .

[27]  Gianluigi Ferrari,et al.  Design and evaluation of a delay-efficient RPL routing metric , 2013, 2013 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC).

[28]  Winston K.G. Seah,et al.  Performance evaluation of routing metrics for community Wireless Mesh Networks , 2011, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

[29]  Leila Ben Saad,et al.  Sinks Mobility Strategy in IPv6-Based WSNs for Network Lifetime Improvement , 2011, 2011 4th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security.

[30]  Adam Dunkels,et al.  Poster Abstract: Low-Power Wireless IPv6 Routing with ContikiRPL , 2010, IPSN 2010.

[31]  Kristofer S. J. Pister,et al.  Industrial Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks , 2009, RFC.